Разведка и контрразведка США (с конца XVIII века и до наших дней)

362

См.: Immigration Act of Feb.5 1917, 39 Stat. 889.– Washington: Governmental Printing Office, 1918.-P.889.

363

См.: Alien Registration Act of 1940, June 28, Title 3, Section 1, Ch.439, 54 Stat. 683.– Washington: Governmental Printing Office, 1941.-P.683.

364

U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Book III, 94th Congress, 2nd Session, P. 439.

365

Theodore Draper, The Roots of American Communism, The New York, Viking, 1957, P.227-232.

366

Hoover, The Crime of the Century, P.140,150,168.

367

Stone I.F., The Hounted Fifties, The New York Viking, 1969, P.23-24.

368

Oshinsky, David M., A Conspirasy so Immense, P.307.

369

Walter Goodman, The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, The New York Favrar, Straus 1968,P.417.

370

Dwight R. Eisenhower, Mandate for Change, 1952-1956, Garden City, Doubleday,1963,P.90.

371

Felt, W., Mark, The FBI Pyramid from the Inside, New York, Putnam, copied 1979, P.47.

372

Security Risk.

373

Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower, The President, The New York, Simon and Schuster, 1984, P.335.

374

Oshinsky, David M., A Conspirasy so Immense, P.343.

375

Atomic Energy Act of 1954, Aug. 13 1954, ch. 730, 68 Stat. 943.

376

Atomic Energy Act of 1954, Aug. 13 1954, chapter 12, sec. 145(с), 68 Stat. 943.

377

Parmet, Eisenhower, P.335.

378

Ibidem, P.147.

379

Fried, Richard M. Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective. Oxford University Press.1990. P. 150.

380

Sept. 23, 1950, ch.1024, 64 Stat.987.

381

Ibidem, Stat.1019-1030.

382

Sept. 23, 1950, ch.1024, sec.1, 64 Stat.987.

383

Ibidem, sec.1(9), 64 Stat.988.

384

Sept. 23, 1950, ch.1024, sec.4, 64 Stat.990.

385

ch.1024, sec.5, 64 Stat.992.

386

В результате судебного решения по делу Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 348 US 500 был снят запрет на выдачу коммунистам загранпаспортов.

387

ch.1024, sec.7, 64 Stat.1004-1008.

388

ch.1024, sec.7, 64 Stat.1004-1008.

389

Ibidem, P. 1009-1017.

390

Ibidem, P. 1019-1030.

391

Ibidem, P. 1019-1030.

392

ch.1024, 64 Stat.1027-1030.

393

Subversive Activities Control Board.

394

Labor Youth League, Jefferson School of Social Science.

395

Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1955, P.196.

396

Communist Control Act of Aug. 24 1954, ch.886, 68 Stat. 775.

397

Dennis v. United States, 341 U.S. 494 (1951).

398

American Communications Association v. Douds, 339 U.S. 382 (1950).

399

Pennsylvania v. Nelson, 350 U.S. 479 (1956), 504-505.

400

Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board, 367 U.S. 1 (1961).

401

Goldstein, Political Repression in America, P.402.

402

Yates v. United States, 354 U.S. 298 (1957); Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Bd., 382 U.S. 70 (1965); United States v. Brown, 381 U.S. 437 (1965)

403

U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Book III, 94th Congress, 2nd Session, P. 449.

404

Kelly et. al., The American Constitution, P.596.

405

Belknap, Cold War Political Justice, P.155.

406

United States v. Robel, 389 U.S. 258 (1967); cf. Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500 (1964); Schneider v. Smith, 390 U.S. 17 (1968).

407

Section 5(a)(1)(D) of the Subversive Control Act of 1950, 64 Stat 992, 50 U.S.C. § 784(a)(1)(D).

408

An act to amend the Subversive Activities Control Art of 1954 so as to accord with certain decisions of the courts, Pub. L. 90-237, Jan.2, 1968, 81 Stat. 765.

409

Ibidem.

410

Domestic Intelligence Operations for Internal Security Purposes, Hearings before the Committee on Internal Security, U.S. House of Representatives, 93d Congress, 2nd Session, 1974, 3585-3588.

411

U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Vol.6, FBI, P. 70-71.

412

Keller, William Walton, The Liberals and J. Edgar Hoover, Prinston, Copied 1989, P.162.

413

U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Book III, P. 20-21.

414

Keller, William Walton, The Liberals and J. Edgar Hoover, Princeton, Copied 1989, P.181.

415

U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Final Report, Book III, P. 323,336.

416

Nixon, Memoirs, P. 368.

417

U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Final Report, Part 3, P. 1208-1220.

418

Felt, W., Mark, The FBI Pyramid from the Inside, New York, Putnam, copied 1979, 143,144.

419

Ungar, Sanford J., FBI : An Uncensored Look Behind the Walls, Boston, Toronto 1976, P.465.

420

Felt, W., Mark, The FBI Pyramid from the Inside, New York, Putnam, copied 1979, P.93.

421

U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Vol.2, Huston Plan, P.354-356.

422

James Q. Wilson, The Investigations: Managing FBI and Narcotics Agents, The New York, Basik Books, 1978, P.170.

423

Cook, Fred J., The FBI nobody knows, New York Macmilian 1964, P.227.

424

Schlesinger, Arthur M., A Thousand Days, Boston, Houghton Hifflin, 1965, P.125.

425

Parmet, Herbert, Jack: The Struggles of John F. Kennedy, The New York, 1980, P.510.

426

President’s Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime

427

Ohlin Lloyd, Delinquency and Opportunity, The New York, 1960.

428

FBI Law Inforcement Bulletin, January 1961, P.1-5.

429

Ibidem, P.4-5.

430

См.: Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91-452, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 924.

431

См.: Report to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense by a Special Committee Appointed Pursuant to Letter of 28 December 1951 to Survey Communications Intelligence Activities of the Government (Brownell Committee), June 13, 1952.

432

См.: Memorandum from President Harry S. Truman to the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, Subject: Communications Intelligence Activities, October 24, 1952. «TOP SECRET»: [сайт]. URL: http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB24/nsa02a.pdf (дата обращения: 07.07.2014).

433

См.: National Security Council Intelligence Directive № 9, Communications Intelligence, Dec. 29, 1952. «TOP SECRET» : [сайт]. URL: http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB24/nsa02b.pdf (дата обращения: 07.07.2014).

434

См.: An act to provide certain administrative authorities for the National Security Agency, and for other purposes, May 29, 1959, Pub. L.86-36, 73 Stat. 63.

435

Dwight D. Eisenhower: "The President's News Conference," May 11, 1960, The American Presidency Project. : [сайт]. URL: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=11778 (07.07.2014).

436

См.: National Security Council Directive № 5412, Mar. 15, 1954; National Security Council Directive № 5412/1, Mar. 12, 1955; National Security Council Directive № 5412, Dec. 28, 1955: [сайт]. URL: http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000790232.pdf (дата обращения: 07.07.2014).

437

См.: President Dwight D. Eisenhower Letter to Mr. Allen W. Dulles, DCI, 18 January 1961: [сайт]. URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/our-first-line-of-defense-presidential-reflections-on-us-intelligence/eisenhower.html (дата обращения: 07.07.2014).

438

См.: Intelligence Activities, a Report to the Congress by Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government (1953-1955). Washington: Government Printing Office, 1955. P. 27-29.

439

Ibid., P.70-71.

440

См.: Executive Order № 10656, Feb. 8, 1956, 21 Fed. Reg. 859.

441

См.: Executive Order № 10938, May 6, 1961, 26 Fed. Reg. 3951.

442

См.: DOD Directive 5105.21 “Defense Intelligence Agency”, Aug. 1, 1961.

443

См.: DOD Directive С-5105.32 “Defense Attaché System”, Dec. 12, 1964.

444

См.: Richelson Jeffrey, The U.S. Intelligence Community, Ballinger Publishing Company, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1989. P. 27-29.

445

См.: Perry Robert L. A History of Satellite Reconnaissance The Perry Gambit & Hexagon Histories. Published by National Reconnaissance Office Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance, Chantilly, VA, 2012. P.13.

446

См.: Document 3: Memorandum of Agreement Concerning NSA Participation in the (S) National Reconnaissance Office, August 1, 1962. «TOP SECRET»: [сайт]. URL: http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB24/nsa03.pdf (дата обращения: 07.07.2014).

447

См.: Perry Robert L., oP. cit., P.23-32.

448

См.: Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the U.S. Intelligence Community. An Overview of the Intelligence Community.

449

"HUMINT" определяется в данном разделе отчета как "оперативное использование лиц, которым известна или которые имеют доступ к информации, рассматриваемой разведывательным сообществом в качестве важной и значимой для выполнения миссий сообщества". См.: Intelligence Community in the 21st Century, Staff Study Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, House of Representatives, 104th Congress. Chapter IX. Clandestine Service. Executive Summary.

450

Public Law 103-359, Intelligence Authorization Act for FY 1995.

451

См.: Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the U.S. Intelligence Community. Part One: The Intelligence Cycle. Collection and Analysis. II. Collection and the Collectors.

452

Ibid., Chapter X. Military Intelligence. Clandestine HUMINT Operations.

453

См.: U.S. National Intelligence an overview 2013. [сайт]. URL: http:// http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/USNI%202013%20Overview_web.pdf (дата обращения: 7.07.2014).

454

См.: DoD Directive 5200.37, “Centralized Management of Department of Defense Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Operations,” December 18, 1992.

455

См.: Drawing Down for the Future – NSA consolidates its resources // NSA Newsletter/ August 1994. P. 8-9.

456

См.: Michael S. Cassidy SIGINT: An Important Part of Air Force Intelligence // American Intelligence Journal/ Spring/Summer 1994. P. 20.

457

См.: Army Intelligence In Transition Changing Horizons // American Intelligence Journal/ Autumn/Winter 1993-1994. P. 17-20.

458

См.: Intelligence Community in the 21st Century, Staff Study Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, House of Representatives, 104th Congress. Chapter VI. IMINT: Imagery Intelligence; Report to the Director National Reconnaissance Office Defining the Future of the NRO for the 21st Century Final Report Executive Summary, 26 Aug. 1996.

459

См., например: National Imagery and Mapping Agency Act of 1996, , Sept. 23, 1996, Pub. L. 104-201, 110 Stat. 2675.

460

См., например: Intelligence Community in the 21st Century, Staff Study Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, House of Representatives, 104th Congress. Chapter VI. IMINT: Imagery Intelligence.

461

См., например: Vector 21, A Strategic Plan for the Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington, 1996, P.14.

462

Иллюстрацией провальных тайных операций ЦРУ против Кубы могут служить, например, ныне рассекреченные документы о деятельности ЦРУ и американских военных в «Заливе Кочинос» ( the Bay of Pigs). См., например: CIA “Official History” of the Bay of Pigs: Revelations. TOP SECRET. [сайт]. URL: http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB355/index.htm (дата обращения: 7.07.2014).

463

См.: DCI Memorandum “Establishment of the National Intelligence Programs Evaluation Staff”, Oct. 22, 1963. [сайт]. URL: http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/5829/CIA-RDP80B01676R000700030004-0.pdf (дата обращения: 7.07.2014).

464

См.: President John F. Kennedy, News conference, 9 October 1963. [сайт]. URL: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=9460 (дата обращения: 7.07.2014).

465

См.: President Lyndon B. Johnson Letter to VAdm. William F. Raborn, DCI, 29 July 1965. [сайт]. URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/our-first-line-of-defense-presidential-reflections-on-us-intelligence/johnson.html (дата обращения: 7.07.2014).

466

Наиболее употребимым в русском переводе является вариант “Ли Харви Освальд”, однако автор склонен использовать транскрипцию, употреблявшуюся в выданном данному лицу в СССР виде на жительство.

467

Powers, Richard Gid, Secrecy and Power: The Life of J. Edgar Hoover, New York: Freepress, Copied 1987, P.428.

468

Schlesinger, Arthur M., A Thousand Days, Boston, Houghton Hifflin, 1965, P.629-630.

469

Executive Order № 11154, in Ralph de Toledano, J. Edgar Hoover: The Man in his Time, New Rochelle, The New York, Arlington House, 1973 P.301.

470

Ungar, Sanford J., FBI : An Uncensored Look Behind the Walls, Boston, Toronto 1976, p 288.

471

William C. Sullivan, The Bureau, The New York, Norton,1979,P.68-70.

472

U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Vol.6, FBI, P. 483-484.

473

Ibidem, Book III, P. 365.

474

A Review of the Intelligence Community, March 10, 1971.

475

A Review of the Intelligence Community, March 10, 1971, P. 9.

476

U.S. Congress, Senate, 94th Congress, 2nd session, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities Intelligence, Final Report, 1976, Book I, P. 66.

477

Ibid., P. 25-27.

478

См.: President Nixon Memorandum “Organization and Management of the US Foreign Intelligence Community”, Nov. 5, 1971. “TOP SECRET” . [сайт]. URL: http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB144/document%206.pdf (дата обращения: 7.07.2014).

479

Ibid., P.4-5.

480

Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY1973 of July13, 1972, P.L. 92-352.

481

См.: Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy. [сайт]. URL: http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB144/document%209.pdfhttp://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB144/document%209.pdf (дата обращения: 7.07.2014).

482

U.S., Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, Report, June 1975, P. 98.

483

U.S., Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, Report, June 1975, P.98-99.

484

U.S., Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, Report, June 1975, P.101.

485

U.S., Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, Report, June 1975, P. 101-103.

486

См.: Johnson Loch K, Strategic intelligence : understanding the hidden side of government Westport, Conn. : Praeger Security International, 2007. P. 229.

487

См.: Gates Robert M., From the Shadows: the Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996. P. 333.

488

Archibald Cox “ Reflection upon Watergate “, Brandies University 1974, 39 P.

489

См.: Freedom of Information Acts of 1974, Pub. L. 93-502, Nov. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1561.

490

Ungar, Sanford J., FBI : An Uncensored Look Behind the Walls, Boston, Toronto 1976, 568 P.

491

Final Report of the Selected Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Book 3, P.553-554.

492

Ibidem, P.75-76.

493

United States v. United States District Court 407 U.S. 297(1972

494

Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, Sec. 801(d), Pub. L. 90-351, June 9 , 82 Stat. 196.

495

дела, связанные с обеспечением национальной безопасности более того часто отражают конвергенцию положений Первой и Четвертой поправок, не присутствующую в делах по общеуголовным преступлениям, United States v. United States District Cort 407 U.S. 297(1972)

496

Attorney General’s Guidlines for FBI Domestic Security Investigations of Mar. 10, 1976.

497

Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, Pub. L. 90-351, June 9 , 82 Stat. 197.

498

Attorney General’s Guidelines for FBI Domestic Security Investigations of Mar. 10, 1976.

499

U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Intelligence, Report on S.1566: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, Report №95-701, 95th Congress, 2nd Session, Report № 94-755, Governmental Printing Office 1976,P.320.

500

FBI Oversight, Testimony of Attorney General Edward H. Levi, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitution Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 94th Congress, 2nd Session, Washington, Governmental Printing Office 1976, P.53.

501

См.: An Act to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and for other purposes, Dec. 30, 1974, Pub. L. 93-559, sec.32, 88 Stat. 1804.

502

Executive Order №11828 of January 4, 1975.

503

Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States.

504

Report to the President by the Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States, June 1975.

505

См.: Prados John, Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby. Oxford University Press, 2003. P. 301-304.

506

U.S. Congress, Senate, 94th Congress, 2nd session, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence, Final Report, Book I, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976.

507

Final report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities United States Senate: together with additional, supplemental, and separate views. Book 1-6 Wash. (D.C.), 1976.

508

U.S. Congress, Senate, 94th Congress, 2nd session, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence, Final Report, Book I, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976 P-468.

509

U.S. Congress, Senate, 94th Congress, 2nd session, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence, Final Report, Book I, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976 P-410-417.

510

U.S. Congress, Senate, 94th Congress, 2nd session, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence, Final Report, Book I, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976 P-401-408.

511

U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, 94th Congress, 2nd session, Select Committee on Intelligence, Recommendations of the Final Report of the House Select Committee on Intelligence, H. Rept. 94-833, February 11, 1976.

512

Отдельные части доклада опубликовали некоторые американские периодические издания, в частности нью-йоркская газета The Village Voice.

513

Foreign Operations Subcommittee.

514

General Accounting Office.

515

Senate Resolution 400 of the 94th Congress.

516

H. Res. 658 of the 95th Congress.

517

См.: Freedom of Information Acts of 1967, Pub. L. 90-23, June 5 1967, 81 Stat. 54,

518

См.: Privacy Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93-579, Dec.31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1896.

519

См.: John Cary Sims v. Central Intelligence Agency, 228 U.S. AP. D.C. 269, 709 F.2d 95.

520

См.: Statement of President Gerald R. Ford, 4 January 1975. [сайт]. URL: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=4838 (дата обращения: 7.07.2014).

521

President Gerald R. Ford Swearing-in ceremony of George Bush as DCI, 30 January 1976 . [сайт]. URL: http://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/our-first-line-of-defense-presidential-reflections-on-us-intelligence/ford.html (дата обращения: 7.07.2014).

522

См.: Daugherty William J. Executive Secrets: Covert Action and the Presidency. University Press of Kentucky, 2006. P.178-180.

523

См.: Prados Alfred B., Intelligence Reform: Recent History and Proposals, CRS Report 88-562 F, August 18, 1988, P. 18.

524

См.: Executive Order № 11905, Feb. 18, 1976, 41 Fed. Reg. 7703.

525

См.: Executive Order № 11905, Sec. 2. Definition.

526

См.: Executive Order № 11905, Sec. 5. Restrictions on Intelligence Activities.

527

Ibid., Sec. 5(b)(2).

528

Ibid., Sec. 5(b)(4).