Лексика для ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Курс лексики для успешной сдачи ЕГЭ

Students need to believe in themselves and their abilities.

cope with stress — справляться со стрессом

Regular exercise can help people cope with stress.

feel under pressure — чувствовать давление

School leavers often feel under pressure before their exams.

get annoyed with somebody — раздражаться на кого-либо

Try not to get annoyed with people who have different opinions.

have a sense of humour — обладать чувством юмора

Having a sense of humour can make communication easier.

make a good impression — произвести хорошее впечатление

Being polite and confident can help you make a good impression.

put oneself in somebody’s place — поставить себя на чьё-либо место

Before judging another person, try to put yourself in their place.

take pride in something — гордиться чем-либо

She takes pride in her academic achievements.

4. Easily Confused Words

sensible — sensitive

sensible — разумный, практичный

It was sensible of her to ask for advice.

sensitive — чувствительный

Sensitive people may be strongly affected by criticism.

confident — self-confident

confident — уверенный в определённой ситуации или результате

The team is confident about its chances of success.

self-confident — уверенный в себе

Self-confident people usually express their ideas clearly.

ashamed — embarrassed

ashamed — испытывающий стыд из-за своего поступка

He was ashamed of behaving so selfishly.

embarrassed — испытывающий неловкость

She felt embarrassed when everyone looked at her.

alone — lonely

alone — один, без других людей

Sometimes I prefer to spend time alone.

lonely — испытывающий одиночество

People can feel lonely even when they are surrounded by others.

5. Word Formation

ambition — амбиция, стремление

ambitious — амбициозный

Ambitious people set challenging goals.

confidence — уверенность

confident — уверенный

confidently — уверенно

She answered the interviewer’s questions confidently.

patience — терпение

patient — терпеливый

patiently — терпеливо

impatient — нетерпеливый

The teacher patiently explained the task again.

responsibility — ответственность

responsible — ответственный

irresponsible — безответственный

Responsible people accept the consequences of their actions.

honesty — честность

honest — честный

dishonest — нечестный

honestly — честно

Honesty is essential in close relationships.

care — забота

careful — осторожный, внимательный

careless — небрежный

carefully — внимательно

Students should read examination instructions carefully.

consider — принимать во внимание

considerate — внимательный к окружающим

inconsiderate — невнимательный к окружающим

consideration — внимание, уважение

Considerate people think about the needs of others.

satisfy — удовлетворять

satisfaction — удовлетворение

satisfied — удовлетворённый

satisfactory — удовлетворительный

She was satisfied with her academic progress.

6. Exercise 1. Choose the Correct Word

Выберите подходящее слово.

A reliable / selfish person always tries to keep their promises.

She felt relieved / arrogant when the examination was over.

It is important to remain calm / careless during an argument.

He was ashamed / sensible of his dishonest behaviour.

Open-minded / Stubborn people are willing to consider different opinions.

Regular practice helped the student gain confidence / disappointment.

She is very thoughtful / impatient and always considers other people’s feelings.

Many school leavers feel anxious / generous before their exams.

He was delighted / inconsiderate to receive the award.

A determined / confused person continues working despite difficulties.

7. Exercise 2. Complete the Collocations

Дополните словосочетания словами из списка.

attitude, calm, confidence, criticism, emotions, failure, feelings, impression, mood, stress

gain __________

control one’s __________

cope with __________

express one’s __________

remain __________

make a good __________

be in a good __________

have a positive __________

be afraid of __________

take __________ personally

8. Exercise 3. Complete the Sentences

Используйте слова и выражения из списка.

ambitious, disappointed, easy-going, grateful, lose his temper, open-minded, put yourself, reliable

My brother is calm and __________, so he rarely argues with anyone.

An __________ person is willing to listen to different points of view.

You should __________ in another person’s place before criticising them.

She felt __________ when she did not receive the expected results.

I am extremely __________ to my teacher for her support.

An __________ student is prepared to work hard to achieve difficult goals.

You can trust him because he is honest and __________.

Although the situation was stressful, he did not __________.

9. Exercise 4. Word Formation

Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами.

She answered all the questions calmly and __________.

CONFIDENCE

Teachers need a great deal of __________ when working with young learners.

PATIENT

Ignoring your duties is highly __________.

RESPONSIBLE

Good relationships should be based on trust and __________.

HONEST

His __________ behaviour upset the other members of the group.

CONSIDER

Students should read every task __________ before answering.

CARE

She is __________ with the progress she has made.

SATISFY

Successful athletes are usually highly __________ people.

AMBITION

10. Exercise 5. Choose the Correct Word

Выберите правильный вариант.

It was sensible / sensitive of her to prepare for the interview in advance.

He felt ashamed / embarrassed when he realised that his behaviour had hurt someone.

She enjoys spending time alone / lonely when she needs to think.

Highly sensible / sensitive people may find criticism difficult.

He was ashamed / embarrassed when he forgot his colleague’s name.

Elderly people may feel alone / lonely if they do not communicate with others.

The students felt confident / self-confident that they had prepared well for the exam.

Public speaking can help teenagers become more confident / confidence.

11. Exercise 6. Complete the Text

Вставьте подходящие слова.

attitude, confidence, determined, failure, feelings, open-minded, pressure, stress

Personality can influence the way people deal with challenges. Those who have a positive (1) __________ are often better prepared to cope with (2) __________. Instead of being afraid of (3) __________, they treat difficulties as opportunities to learn.

Successful people are usually (4) __________ and continue working towards their goals. At the same time, it is important to remain (5) __________ and listen to other people’s opinions. Understanding their (6) __________ can help us build healthy relationships. Gradually, positive experiences allow people to gain (7) __________ and perform better under (8) __________.

12. Exercise 7. Translate into English

Переведите предложения.

Надёжный человек всегда старается сдерживать обещания.

Многие ученики чувствуют давление перед важными экзаменами.

Важно сохранять спокойствие и контролировать свои эмоции.

Уверенные в себе люди не боятся выражать своё мнение.

Она гордится своими учебными достижениями.

Иногда критика помогает людям изменить своё отношение к работе.

Прежде чем осуждать человека, постарайтесь поставить себя на его место.

Положительное отношение помогает справляться с трудностями.

13. Speaking Practice

Ответьте на вопросы, используя новую лексику.

Which personality traits do you value most in other people?

Can people change their personalities?

What qualities are necessary for academic success?

How can teenagers learn to cope with stress?

Is it always important to express your feelings?

Why are some people afraid of failure?

How can a person become more self-confident?

Useful Speaking Phrases

I particularly value people who are…

One of the most important qualities is…

This characteristic helps people to…

In difficult situations, it is essential to…

People can develop this quality by…

From my point of view, …

On the whole, I believe that…

14. Writing Practice

Напишите абзац объёмом 100—120 слов.

Some people believe that success mainly depends on a person’s character. What is your opinion?

Используйте не менее пяти слов или выражений из главы.

Useful Writing Phrases

It is often believed that…

There are several reasons for this.

To begin with, …

Furthermore, …

For example, …

From my point of view, …

In conclusion, …

Answers

Exercise 1

reliable

relieved

calm

ashamed

open-minded

confidence

thoughtful

anxious

delighted

determined

Exercise 2

confidence

emotions

stress

feelings

calm

impression

mood

attitude

failure

criticism

Exercise 3

easy-going

open-minded

put yourself

disappointed

grateful

ambitious

reliable

lose his temper

Exercise 4

confidently

patience

irresponsible

honesty

inconsiderate

carefully

satisfied

ambitious

Exercise 5

sensible

ashamed

alone

sensitive

embarrassed

lonely

confident

self-confident

Exercise 6

attitude

stress

failure

determined

open-minded

feelings

confidence

pressure

Exercise 7. Возможные варианты ответа

A reliable person always tries to keep their promises.

Many students feel under pressure before important exams.

It is important to remain calm and control your emotions.

Self-confident people are not afraid to express their opinions.

She takes pride in her academic achievements.

Criticism sometimes helps people change their attitude towards work.

Before judging a person, try to put yourself in their place.

A positive attitude helps people cope with difficulties.

Writing Practice. Возможный вариант ответа

It is often believed that success mainly depends on a person’s character. I partly agree with this opinion because determined and hard-working people are more likely to achieve their goals. They are not afraid of failure and can remain calm when they experience difficulties. Moreover, self-confident people usually express their ideas clearly and make a good impression on others. However, personality is not the only factor that influences success. Education, professional skills and support from other people are also important. From my point of view, a positive attitude and a strong sense of responsibility can help a person use available opportunities effectively. Therefore, character plays an important but not exclusive role in achieving success.

Глава 4. Daily Life and Household Chores

Повседневная жизнь и домашние обязанности

В этой главе вы изучите лексику для описания распорядка дня, домашних дел, распределения обязанностей и баланса между работой и отдыхом. Эти слова и выражения пригодятся в письменной и устной частях ЕГЭ.

1. Key Vocabulary

Daily Routine

daily routine — распорядок дня

A well-organised daily routine can help people use their time effectively.

busy schedule — напряжённый график

It can be difficult to exercise regularly when you have a busy schedule.

working day — рабочий день

Her working day usually starts at nine o’clock.

weekday — будний день

I rarely have enough free time on weekdays.

weekend — выходные

Many people use the weekend to relax and spend time with their families.

alarm clock — будильник

My alarm clock goes off at seven every morning.

morning rush — утренняя спешка

Preparing everything in advance helps me avoid the morning rush.

lunch break — обеденный перерыв

She usually goes for a short walk during her lunch break.

leisure time — свободное время, досуг

Reading is one of his favourite leisure-time activities.

bedtime — время отхода ко сну

Using a smartphone before bedtime may affect the quality of sleep.

Everyday Activities

get ready for work or school — собираться на работу или в школу

It usually takes me half an hour to get ready for work.

have a quick breakfast — быстро позавтракать

Many people have a quick breakfast on busy weekdays.

commute to work — регулярно ездить на работу

She commutes to work by train.

run errands — выполнять мелкие повседневные дела

I need to run a few errands after work.

do the shopping — делать покупки

We usually do the shopping at the weekend.

have a rest — отдыхать

After a busy day, people need to have a proper rest.

take a short break — сделать небольшой перерыв

Taking a short break can improve concentration.

go to bed — ложиться спать

Teenagers should avoid going to bed too late.

get enough sleep — высыпаться

It is important to get enough sleep before an examination.

stick to a routine — придерживаться распорядка

Sticking to a routine can make everyday life less stressful.

Household Chores

do household chores — выполнять работу по дому

All family members should help to do household chores.

do the washing-up — мыть посуду

I usually do the washing-up after dinner.

do the laundry — стирать одежду

We normally do the laundry twice a week.

do the ironing — гладить одежду

Some people find doing the ironing relaxing.

make the bed — заправлять кровать

Making the bed is part of my morning routine.

tidy one’s room — убирать свою комнату

Children should learn to tidy their own rooms.

vacuum the floor — пылесосить пол

We vacuum the floor at least once a week.

dust the furniture — вытирать пыль с мебели

Dusting the furniture does not take much time.

take out the rubbish — выносить мусор

My brother is responsible for taking out the rubbish.

prepare a meal — готовить еду

It is useful for teenagers to learn how to prepare simple meals.

set the table — накрывать на стол

The children set the table while their parents prepared dinner.

clear the table — убирать со стола

Everyone helped to clear the table after the meal.

Organisation and Responsibilities

household responsibility — обязанность по дому

Each family member should have a household responsibility.

share the chores — распределять домашние дела

Families can avoid arguments if they share the chores fairly.

manage one’s time — управлять своим временем

Students need to learn how to manage their time.

plan ahead — планировать заранее

Planning ahead can help people meet important deadlines.

set priorities — расставлять приоритеты

People with busy schedules need to set clear priorities.

waste time — тратить время впустую

Spending several hours on social media can waste valuable time.

save time — экономить время

Online shopping can save time.

be responsible for something — отвечать за что-либо

I am responsible for keeping the kitchen clean.

complete a task — выполнить задачу

Making a list helps me complete every task on time.

cope with responsibilities — справляться с обязанностями

Good organisation makes it easier to cope with everyday responsibilities.

2. Useful Collocations

С существительным time

have enough time — иметь достаточно времени;

spend time — проводить время;

save time — экономить время;

waste time — тратить время впустую;

manage one’s time — управлять временем;

make time for something — находить время для чего-либо;

take up time — занимать время;

free time — свободное время.

Even busy people should make time for rest and physical activity.

С существительным routine

daily routine — распорядок дня;

morning routine — утренний распорядок;

regular routine — постоянный распорядок;

follow a routine — следовать распорядку;

establish a routine — установить распорядок;

change one’s routine — изменить распорядок;

break one’s routine — нарушить привычный распорядок.

Establishing a regular routine can reduce stress.

С существительным responsibility

accept responsibility — принимать ответственность;

take responsibility for something — брать ответственность;

share responsibilities — распределять обязанности;

household responsibilities — домашние обязанности;

personal responsibility — личная ответственность;

cope with responsibilities — справляться с обязанностями.

Teenagers should gradually take responsibility for more household tasks.

3. Useful Expressions

be pressed for time — испытывать нехватку времени

I usually prepare a simple meal when I am pressed for time.

be short of time — иметь мало времени

We were short of time, so we took a taxi.

get into the habit of doing something — выработать привычку что-либо делать

Students should get into the habit of planning their work.

get out of the habit of doing something — отвыкнуть от привычки

It can be difficult to get out of the habit of checking your phone frequently.

have a lot on one’s plate — иметь много дел

She has a lot on her plate at the moment.

keep something tidy — поддерживать что-либо в порядке

Everyone should help to keep the shared rooms tidy.

put something off until later — откладывать что-либо на потом

Putting important tasks off until later can cause additional stress.

strike a balance between work and rest — соблюдать баланс между работой и отдыхом

It is essential to strike a balance between work and rest.

take turns doing something — делать что-либо по очереди

My brother and I take turns doing the washing-up.

do one’s fair share — выполнять свою справедливую долю работы

Every family member should do their fair share of the housework.

make the most of one’s time — использовать время максимально эффективно

A clear plan can help people make the most of their time.

become part of one’s routine — стать частью распорядка

Daily exercise has become part of my morning routine.

4. Easily Confused Words

housework — homework

housework — домашняя работа, бытовые обязанности

Doing housework teaches children to be responsible.

homework — домашнее учебное задание

I usually finish my homework before dinner.

job — work

job — конкретная работа или должность

She has a demanding job at a bank.

work — работа как деятельность