Heath's Modern Language Series: Mariucha

226. ¡Cómo viene hoy! What good spirits to-day!

256. ¡Que si sabe! I should say she does!

295. loquinario; this word, like some others in this play (perchero, encajería), is not to be found in the very deficient dictionaries of the Castilian language. Its meaning is clear, however, and it occurs elsewhere in Galdós (Casandra, novela, pp. 78, 340).

308. con reflejos metálicos; having a thin iridescent metallic film technically called 'luster.' This particular kind of art pottery and tiles is a characteristic product of the Iberian peninsula. It has been traced back to the 12th century there, and is thought to have come originally from Persia. The best-known factory is at Manises, near Valencia, but others are in operation. On the Hispano-Moresque lustred ware one may consult Juan F. Riaño, Spanish Industrial Art, London, 1890, pp. 147-162; and Leonard Williams, The Arts and Crafts of Older Spain, London, 1907, II, 161-185.

317-318. partiditas… liquidacioncitas; doña Vicenta is fond of diminutives, which she uses with sarcastic intent in many cases.

371. Ya dije yo, that's what I thought!

585. ¡Ahora es ella! See note to II, 86. The neuter feminine is less common with the subject form of the pronoun; but examples are found. See Hanssen, Gramática histórica de la lengua castellana, § 502.

649. la tarántula; the tarantula is a kind of spider, taking its name from the city of Taranto in southern Italy. Tradition, which modern science cannot corroborate, has it that the bite of the tarantula produces a sort of sleeping sickness known as Tarantism. To rouse the sufferers a wild music (tarantella) was played, which caused them to dance till a profuse perspiration broke out, when the effects of the poison were thrown off.

659. por prometido = téngalo usted por prometido.

720. al don Cesáreo; the article is used here depreciatively: that fellow…!

777-778. como si lo viera, me le hacen a usted; the subject of viera is yo, me is the untranslated "ethical dative," and hacen is the indefinite third plural.

817. las [bromas] que yo gasto, what my jokes are like.

ACTO CUARTO

108-109. si fuera un coco de fea, if she were as homely as a hedge fence.

116. ella es grande; one cannot be quite sure whether this phrase means she is of high station, or she is a grandee. It has not been previously stated that the family of Alto-Rey enjoys the privileges of grandeeship. A grandee of Spain is allowed to keep his hat on in the king's presence, if a man; if a woman, to be seated before the queen (tomar la almohada).

141. Ya, para lo que falta…, To be sure, there's no need of saying more.

157-158. que no pueda yo…! to think I can't!

253-254. por agregarse notas = porque se agregan notas. In Spanish, a noun may be the subject of an infinitive introduced by a preposition.

478-479. que sacrifique su inclinación; the change to third person is probably to be explained by Filomena's turning to speak to Don Rafael.

533-534. Cesáreo, que vela por la familia; the son is jointly responsible with the father for the maintenance of the family and for the conduct and honor of the individual members. When the father is incapacitated, the son naturally assumes the entire burden.

548. a vivir por mí misma, to live my own life. The phrase sounds like Ibsen. For example, Nora's words, "I have just as sacred duties toward myself." (A Doll's House, last scene.)

ACTO QUINTO

21-23. querían… valiéranse; this combination of tenses is unusual. We do not have here a contrary to fact condition, as might at first appear. If that were the case, the imperfect indicative could not be employed in the if-clause. This is a simple condition in past time, the irregularity being in the use of valiéranse, an archaic way of expressing a sort of imperative,—debieron valerse, or válganse. Translate, since they wished… they should have employed.

23. valiéranse de otros de mi oficio; earlier in his life Galdós was inclined to deal harshly with members of the priesthood of the type to which he alludes here, but the agreeable figure of Don Rafael reveals the writer's growing sympathy for the clergy.

88-89. la que se le viene encima, what he's in for; la is the neuter feminine; see note to II, 86.

265. que, and. See Ramsey, Text-book of Modern Spanish, § 1421.

314. Yo soy estoico, y no temo ningún castigo. The philosophy of stoicism is especially attractive to Galdós, and he plays with it in several of his works. Thus, Orozco, of Realidad, strives to attain stoic perfection; and the chief characters of other plays sometimes act like stoics (Paternoy, Los condenados, II, 14; Pantoja, Electra, IV, 10; Berenguer, La fiera, III, 5). That the stoicism of Seneca (a Spaniard) is the fundamental trait of Spanish character, is the contention brilliantly set forth by Ángel Ganivet in the first dozen pages of his Idearium español.

325. un arma; the feminine indefinite article is by some writers changed to un under the same conditions in which la becomes el. Cf. un hacha in line 333.

338. la razón que me asiste, the right which is on my side.

VOCABULARY

The vocabulary is intended to include the infinitives of all verbs found in the text, the masculine singular of adjectives, and the singular of nouns. Adverbs regularly formed from adjectives of corresponding meaning are omitted when those adjectives are present. Articles, personal pronouns, numerals up to twelve, and words identical in meaning and spelling with the English are also omitted.

A

a to, at, in, on; by, of, from; with, for; before;

—– que what will you bet that…;

¿A qué? Wherefore?

—– los diez minutos within ten minutes

abajo down, below, downstairs

abandonar abandon, yield

abatimiento m. dejection

aberración f. error, mistake

abismo m. abyss

ablandar soften

abnegación f. self-denial, spirit of sacrifice

abogado m. lawyer

abolir abolish

abonar credit with;

—se subscribe, take a season ticket

abovedado, -a arched, vaulted

abrasar burn, consume

abrazar embrace

abrazo m. embrace

abrigar cover, wrap

abrigo m. cover, shelter; overcoat, coat, wrap

abrir open

abrumador, -a oppressive

abrumar oppress, weigh down, crush

absoluto, -a absolute, utter

absolver absolve, acquit

absorto, -a absorbed

abstraído, -a distracted, absent-minded

absurdo, -a absurd, unreasonable

abuela f. grandmother;

—– de padre father's mother

abuelo m. grandfather;

—– de madre mother's father

abur good-bye

abyección f. abjectness, abject poverty

acá here

acabar finish, end; run out;

acabo de hacerlo I have just done it (this idiom is used only with the present and imperfect of

acabar);

acaba por rendirse in the end yields

acariciar caress

acaso perhaps, perchance;

por – by chance;

por si – in case of emergency, as a precaution

accesorio m. accessory

acción f. act, action;

en – de as an act of

acechar peep, spy, watch

acelerar hasten

acento m. accent

aceptación f. acceptance, sale

aceptar accept

acerca de about, concerning

acercarse a approach, come near

acero m. steel

acertar succeed; guess right, speak truly; happen

aciago, -a gloomy, ill-fated

aclarar clear up

acobardarse lose courage, quail

acoger receive

acólito m. acolyte, assistant in church service

acometer attack

acomodar arrange, place;

—se settle; adapt oneself; p.p. well off, well to do

acompañamiento m. accompaniment

acompañar accompany

aconsejar advise

acontecer happen

acontecimiento m. event

acopiar gather, heap together

acordar agree upon, arrange;

—se de remember

acostarse go to bed

acostumbrar accustom, have the custom, be wont;

—se accustom oneself, get used to; p.p. accustomed

actitud f. attitude;

en – de starting to

acto m. act

actual present, of present-day interest

acudir have recourse, respond; arrive, come up

adefesio m. ridiculous get-up, togs

adelantarse come forward

adelante forward, ahead, on;

¡–! come in! go on!

en – thenceforward

adelanto m. progress, state of advancement

ademán m. gesture

además besides;

—– de beside, in addition to

adiós good-bye, farewell

adivinar guess

adjetivo m. adjective

admiración f. admiration

admirador m. admirer

admirar admire

admitir admit

adoptar adopt

adoración f. adoration

adorar adore

adornar adorn

adorno m. ornament

adquirir acquire

adulación f. flattery

adular flatter

adusto, -a gloomy, sullen

adversidad f. adversity

advertencia f. warning

advertir warn, inform; observe, notice

afán m. anxiety, eagerness; trial

afectación f. affectation, ostentation

afectar affect; feign

afecto m. affection

afectuoso, -a affectionate

afirmar assert

afirmativo, -a affirmative

aflicción f. distress, sorrow

afligir afflict; cause sorrow;

—se worry

afrenta f. shame, disgrace

afrentoso, -a ignominious, disgraceful

afrontar face

agitar agitate; wave

agobiar oppress, crush, overwork

agonía f. suffering

agradar please

agradecer be grateful for, thank; p.p. grateful

agradecimiento m. gratitude

Agramante fictitious town in Spain

agramantino, -a of Agramante

agregar add;

—se join

agrícola farming

agricultura f. agriculture

agua f. water; pl. waterworks

aguardar(se) wait, wait for, await

agudeza f. shrewdness

agudo, -a keen, sharp; (of sound) high

ahí there;

por – around here, around there, something like that

ahogar stifle

ahogo m. oppression, anguish

ahora now;

—– bien well, then;

—– mismo this very minute

ahorcar hang

ahorrillos m. pl. small savings

ahorros m. pl. savings

airado, -a angry, wrathful

aire m. air, breeze, draft; pl. climate

ajeno, -a of others, another's

ajustar adjust, settle

Aladino m. Aladdin

alargar extend, hand over

alarmante alarming

alarmar alarm

alberca f. pond, reservoir

alborada f. singing in the open air at dawn, carol

alcalde m. mayor

alcaldesa f. mayor's wife

alcanzar attain to, obtain, comprehend;

no se me alcanza I don't understand

aldeana f. village girl, country woman

aleccionar teach, give a lesson to

alegar allege, declare the existence of

alegrar gladden;

—se rejoice, be glad

alegre gay, light-hearted, bright

alegría f. joy, happiness

alejar drive away;

—se go away

alelado, -a stupid, stupefied

aleluya m. and f. Mother Goose rimes

Alemania f. Germany

Alemañas =

Alemania (a confusion with

alimaña animal)

alentar draw breath, come to life; encourage

alfarería f. pottery

algo something; somewhat

alguien some one

alguno, -a some, a few, any (after a singular noun in a negative sentence = ninguno)

alimentación f. food, nourishment

alimentar feed;

—se feed, live on

alma f. soul;

con – with all my heart and soul;

de mi – my dear

almacén m. storeroom, warehouse, yard

alojarse lodge

alquilador m. renter

alquilar rent, hire

alquiler m. (also pl.) rent

altanero, -a, proud

alternativamente alternately

alto, -a tall, high; important; upper;

—o,

en voz —a aloud

¡alto! halt! stop!

Alto-Rey Alto-Rey

altura f. height;

en las —s on high

alucinarse delude oneself

alumno, -a m. and f. pupil

alza f. advance, rise in price;

en – rising, going up

alzar raise;

—se rise

allá there;

—– usted that's your own business;

más – beyond, further

allegadora f. collector, gatherer of odds and ends

allí there

amabilidad f. amiability

amable amiable, kind, delightful

amago m. symptom

amansar tame

amar love

amargo, -a bitter

amargura f. bitterness

amasar knead

amasijo m. kneaded dough; mass, quantity

ambos, -as both

amenaza f. threat

americano, -a American

amigo, -a m. and f. friend; adj. friendly, fond of

amiguita f. dear friend

amistad f. friendship

amo m. master; pl. master and mistress

amor m. love; sweetheart; pl. love affair

amoroso, -a loving

amparo m. protection

anciano, -a old

ancho, -a wide; ample;

a sus -as with complete freedom

andar go, go on, walk; be; n.m. going, progress

anemia f. anemia

anfitrionisa f. hostess

ángel m. angel, darling

angelico m. little angel, cherub

ángulo m. angle, corner

angustia f. anguish, affliction

angustiado, -a distressed

angustioso, -a full of anguish, painful

anhelar desire

anhelo m. desire, longing

anillo m. ring

animación f. animation

animar encourage;

—se take heart, grow excited

ánimo m. courage, spirit, intention

animoso, -a spirited

aniquilar annihilate

anonadar annihilate, stun

ansiedad f. anxiety

ansioso, -a anxious

antaño long ago

ante before, in the face of

antecedentes m. pl. past history

antes first, before, previously, formerly;

– de,

– que before;

– bien rather, on the other hand;

– de (las veinticuatro horas) within

anticipar tell first;

—se take the lead, be the first, get ahead of

anticuado, -a out of date, old-fashioned

antiguo, -a ancient, former;

de -o, of old

antipatía f. dislike

antipático, -a displeasing, disagreeable

antojarse (a uno) desire, feel a whim for

Antonio m. Anthony

anunciar announce, relate

añadir add

año m. year

apacible pleasant

apañadico, -a dim. of

apañado

apañar dress

aparecer appear

aparentar put on airs of, make a false show of

apartar push aside;

—se go to one side; leave

aparte aside; separate;

– de distinct from

apelar appeal

apenas scarcely, barely; no sooner

apetito m. appetite

apilar pile up

aplastar crush

aplicado, -a studious, industrious

aplicar apply;

– el oído listen intently

aplomado, -a self-possessed

apodado, -a nicknamed, alias

apoyar support, rest;

—se lean

apoyo m. support

apreciar judge; esteem

aprender learn

aprestarse make ready

apretar squeeze, press tight, clench

aprobar approve

aprovechamiento m. using up, employing

aprovechar make use of, profit by, do good to

aproximarse approach

aptitud f. capability

apuesta f. bet, wager

apuntación f. taking notes; memorandum

apunte m. memorandum

aquel, -lla that, the former;

aquél, aquélla, aquello that one that; the former; I, 13

el aquél that matter

aquí here

arbitrio m. scheme

árbol m. tree

arbusto m. shrub

arca f. chest

arder burn

ardid m. stratagem

aristocracia f. aristocracy

arma f. weapon

armario m. wardrobe

armónico, -a harmonious

armonizar harmonize

arranque m. start, first steps; outburst, impulsiveness

arrasar raze, level to the ground

arrastrar drag

¡arre! get up! (said to horses, etc.)

arrebatar snatch

arrebato m. attack, rush, impulse

arreglar arrange, set in order; I, 539 make over;

—se get along, find a way

arreglo m. making over, remodeling; setting in order

arrendar rent

arriba above, up;

monte — uphill

arriesgarse run the risk

arrimar put close; join, fasten oneself to;

—se lean against, get close

arrimo m. support, protector

arrogante arrogant

arrojar cast, cast out, drive out; throw, throw away

arruinar ruin

arte m. and f. art

artesonado m. ceiling of carved wooden rafters

artículo m. article

artificio m. trick, device

asaltar assail

ascendente rising, sloping up

ascua f. hot coal

asedio m. siege; attentions