
Полная версия:
Доверие в долг. Криптовалюты как деньги и кредит: механизм, циклы, правила
874
«Uniswap v2 Core», разд. 2.1.
875
«Uniswap v2 Core», разд. 2.2.
876
SEC, Press Release 2023-32, «SEC Charges Terraform and CEO Do Kwon with Defrauding Investors in Crypto Schemes», 16.02.2023, https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-32.
877
CoinDesk, 04.11.2025.
878
CoinDesk, «Stream Finance Faces $93 Million Loss, Launches Legal Investigation», 04.11.2025, https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/11/04/stream-finance-faces-usd93-million-loss-launches-legal-investigation.
879
CoinDesk, 04.11.2025.
880
DL News, «Stream Finance founders sue business partner, allege $93m used to cover personal losses», 11.12.2025, https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/stream-finance-founders-sue-partner-over-alleged-93m-loss/.
881
Morrison Foerster, 2023, https://www.mofo.com/resources/insights/230109-celsius-bankruptcy-court-customer-deposits-earn-accounts.
882
S. Aramonte, W. Huang, A. Schrimpf, «DeFi risks and the decentralisation illusion», BIS Quarterly Review, 06.12.2021, https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt2112b.htm.
883
P. Saggese, M. Fröwis, S. Kitzler, B. Haslhofer, R. Auer, «Towards verifiability of total value locked (TVL) in decentralized finance», BIS Working Paper 1268, 14.05.2025, https://www.bis.org/publ/work1268.htm.
884
Saggese P., Fröwis M., Kitzler S., Haslhofer B., Auer R. Towards verifiability of total value locked (TVL) in decentralized finance. BIS Working Paper 1268, 14.05.2025: «A case study on 400 protocols shows that our estimations align with published figures for 46.5% of protocols». Порог совпадения в работе численно не задан. Из 939 изученных протоколов на Ethereum 10,5% зависят от внешних серверов (P. Saggese, M. Fröwis, S. Kitzler, B. Haslhofer, R. Auer, «Towards verifiability of total value locked (TVL) in decentralized finance», BIS Working Paper 1268, 14.05.2025, https://www.bis.org/publ/work1268.htm).
885
Chainalysis, 02.08.2022.
886
Chainalysis, «Vulnerabilities in Cross-chain Bridge Protocols Emerge as Top Security Risk», 02.08.2022, https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/cross-chain-bridge-hacks-2022/.
887
Elliptic, «$540 Million Stolen from the Ronin DeFi Bridge», 2022, https://www.elliptic.co/blog/540-million-stolen-from-the-ronin-defi-bridge; CoinDesk, 14.04.2022, https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/04/14/us-officials-tie-north-korean-hacker-group-to-axies-ronin-exploit.
888
Sky Mavis / Ronin, «Community Alert: Ronin Validators Compromised», 29.03.2022, — цитаты по сводке tayvano, «lazarus-bluenoroff-research: ronin_bridge.md», https://github.com/tayvano/lazarus-bluenoroff-research/blob/main/hacks-and-thefts/ronin_bridge.md; постмортем «Back to Building: Ronin Security Breach Postmortem», 27.04.2022 — только сводка на lazarus.day, https://lazarus.day/reports/back-to-building-ronin-security-breach-postmortem-bbMOK/.
889
The Hacker News, «Hackers Used Fake Job Offer to Hack and Steal $540 Million from Axie Infinity», 07.2022, https://thehackernews.com/2022/07/hackers-used-fake-job-offer-to-hack-and.html (со ссылкой на расследование The Block).
890
Elliptic, «$540 Million Stolen from the Ronin DeFi Bridge», 2022, https://www.elliptic.co/blog/540-million-stolen-from-the-ronin-defi-bridge; CoinDesk, 14.04.2022, https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/04/14/us-officials-tie-north-korean-hacker-group-to-axies-ronin-exploit.
891
ФБР и Минфин США 14.04.2022 связали кражу с группой Lazarus, которую связывают с КНДР (Elliptic, «$540 Million Stolen from the Ronin DeFi Bridge», 2022, https://www.elliptic.co/blog/540-million-stolen-from-the-ronin-defi-bridge; CoinDesk, 14.04.2022, https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/04/14/us-officials-tie-north-korean-hacker-group-to-axies-ronin-exploit). Оценки в долларах разнятся (540, 615, 625 млн) из-за курса эфира на дату. Сообщение Sky Mavis 29.03.2022 и её разбор взлома доступны только в цитатах исследовательских архивов; история с «оффером» — по публикации The Hacker News со ссылкой на расследование The Block (Sky Mavis / Ronin, «Community Alert: Ronin Validators Compromised», 29.03.2022, — цитаты по сводке tayvano, «lazarus-bluenoroff-research: ronin_bridge.md», https://github.com/tayvano/lazarus-bluenoroff-research/blob/main/hacks-and-thefts/ronin_bridge.md; постмортем «Back to Building: Ronin Security Breach Postmortem», 27.04.2022 — только сводка на lazarus.day, https://lazarus.day/reports/back-to-building-ronin-security-breach-postmortem-bbMOK/; The Hacker News, «Hackers Used Fake Job Offer to Hack and Steal $540 Million from Axie Infinity», 07.2022, https://thehackernews.com/2022/07/hackers-used-fake-job-offer-to-hack-and.html (со ссылкой на расследование The Block)). По оценке Chainalysis, связанные с КНДР хакеры с начала 2022 года до августа украли около 1 млрд долларов, целиком из мостов и других сервисов DeFi (Chainalysis, «Vulnerabilities in Cross-chain Bridge Protocols Emerge as Top Security Risk», 02.08.2022, https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/cross-chain-bridge-hacks-2022/).
892
rekt.news, «Wormhole — REKT», 2022, https://rekt.news/wormhole-rekt/.
893
rekt.news, «Nomad Bridge — REKT», 2022, https://rekt.news/nomad-rekt/; Chainalysis, 02.08.2022 (дата).
894
The Block, «Nomad’s $190 million bridge exploit drew hacking feeding frenzy of 300 addresses», 08.2022, https://www.theblock.co/post/160851/nomads-190-million-bridge-exploit-drew-hacking-feeding-frenzy-of-300-addresses.
895
The Block, «Nomad’s $190 million bridge exploit drew hacking feeding frenzy of 300 addresses», 08.2022, https://www.theblock.co/post/160851/nomads-190-million-bridge-exploit-drew-hacking-feeding-frenzy-of-300-addresses.
896
CoinDesk, «Jump Trading Backstops Wormhole’s $320M Exploit Loss», 03.02.2022, https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/02/03/jump-trading-backstops-wormholes-320m-exploit-loss-sources; твит Jump Crypto, https://x.com/jump_/status/1489301013408497666.
897
CoinDesk, 03.02.2022. Jump Crypto: «That’s why we replaced 120k ETH to make community members whole and support Wormhole now as it continues to develop.» Компанию-разработчика Certus One Jump купила в августе 2021 года (CoinDesk, «Jump Trading Backstops Wormhole’s $320M Exploit Loss», 03.02.2022, https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/02/03/jump-trading-backstops-wormholes-320m-exploit-loss-sources; твит Jump Crypto, https://x.com/jump_/status/1489301013408497666).
898
Axie Infinity (Sky Mavis), «Sky Mavis Raises $150M Led By Binance, Funds to be Restored on the Ronin Bridge», 06.04.2022, https://blog.axieinfinity.com/p/funding.
899
CoinDesk, 20.04.2026, https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/04/20/defi-tvl-drops-more-than-usd13-billion-in-two-days-following-kelp-dao-hack (данные DefiLlama).
900
CoinDesk, 20.04.2026, https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/04/20/defi-tvl-drops-more-than-usd13-billion-in-two-days-following-kelp-dao-hack (данные DefiLlama).
901
Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Lending», 14.04.2025, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/the-state-of-crypto-lending/.
902
Galaxy Research — участник рынка кредитования, методика раскрыта в отчётах. Ряд в тексте и на рис. 5.3 — из выпуска «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026» (17.08.2026): пик IV квартала 2021 года — около 73,8 млрд долларов, дно 2022–2023 годов — около 19 млрд, пик III квартала 2025 года — 78,69 млрд, II квартал 2026 года — 56,16 млрд. Таблицей Galaxy ряд не публикует; значения 2021–2023 годов сняты с графика отчёта с точностью около ±0,5 млрд, точные цифры — только те, что названы в тексте отчёта (Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026: An Orderly, Measured Decline», 17.08.2026, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-report-q2-2026-defi-lending-decline-futures-open-interest). Тот же пик 2021 года в прежних выпусках: 64,4 млрд (апрель 2025 года; там же минимум III квартала 2023 года — 14,2 млрд, спад на 78%) и 69,37 млрд (ноябрь 2025 года) (Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Lending», 14.04.2025, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/the-state-of-crypto-lending/; Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q3 2025», 19.11.2025, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-q3-2025-defi-cefi-lending-digital-asset-treasury-debt-futures-perpetuals). Пик 2025 года тоже пересматривали: сначала 73,59 млрд, потом 78,67–78,69 млрд (Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q3 2025», 19.11.2025, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-q3-2025-defi-cefi-lending-digital-asset-treasury-debt-futures-perpetuals; Galaxy Research, Q1 2026; Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026: An Orderly, Measured Decline», 17.08.2026, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-report-q2-2026-defi-lending-decline-futures-open-interest). Ошибки ни в одном из выпусков нет, данные просто пересчитали, поэтому цифры разных выпусков в книге не смешиваются.
903
Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026: An Orderly, Measured Decline», 17.08.2026, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-report-q2-2026-defi-lending-decline-futures-open-interest.
904
CoinDesk, «FTX Collapse Leaves Total Crypto Market Cap Under $800B…», 17.11.2022, https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2022/11/17/ftx-collapse-leaves-total-crypto-market-cap-under-800b-close-to-2022-low.
905
Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026: An Orderly, Measured Decline», 17.08.2026, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-report-q2-2026-defi-lending-decline-futures-open-interest.
906
Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026», 17.08.2026: 56,16 млрд долларов на конец II квартала 2026 года против пика 78,69 млрд; снижения по кварталам — примерно −10%, −5% и −17%. Galaxy пишет, что рынок «на 40,13% ниже» пика, но это ошибка в направлении счёта: (78,69 − 56,16) / 78,69 ≈ 28,6%, а 40% — это насколько пик выше нынешнего уровня. Ту же «сороковку» повторяют и другие издания (Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026: An Orderly, Measured Decline», 17.08.2026, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-report-q2-2026-defi-lending-decline-futures-open-interest). Свежие цифры — в приложении Б.
907
CoinDesk, «FTX Collapse Leaves Total Crypto Market Cap Under $800B…», 17.11.2022, https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2022/11/17/ftx-collapse-leaves-total-crypto-market-cap-under-800b-close-to-2022-low; Forbes, 05.10.2025, https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2025/10/05/bitcoin-breaks-125000-the-convergence-of-confidence-capital-code/; CoinDesk (многократные упоминания «record high of $126,000 reached last October», напр. 05.02.2026).
908
Forbes, 05.10.2025, https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2025/10/05/bitcoin-breaks-125000-the-convergence-of-confidence-capital-code/; CoinDesk (многократные упоминания «record high of $126,000 reached last October», напр. 05.02.2026); CoinDesk, 25.06.2026, https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/06/25/bitcoin-plunges-to-new-multi-year-low-of-usd58-000-but-a-short-squeeze-setup-emerges; CoinDesk, 01.07.2026, https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/07/01/bitcoin-s-20-june-crash-looks-even-deadlier-on-the-charts-here-s-why; CoinGecko, «2026 Q2 Crypto Industry Report», https://www.coingecko.com/research/publications/2026-q2-crypto-report.
909
Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026: An Orderly, Measured Decline», 17.08.2026, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-report-q2-2026-defi-lending-decline-futures-open-interest.
910
«taking the stairs down, not the elevator» (Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026: An Orderly, Measured Decline», 17.08.2026, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-report-q2-2026-defi-lending-decline-futures-open-interest).
911
CoinGecko, «2025 Annual Crypto Industry Report» и «2026 Q2 Crypto Industry Report», https://www.coingecko.com/research/publications/2025-annual-crypto-report; https://www.coingecko.com/research/publications/2026-q2-crypto-report.
912
Z. Pokorny, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2025», Galaxy Research, 14.08.2025, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/the-state-of-crypto-leverage-q2-2025.
913
Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2025», 14.08.2025: открытые позиции на фьючерсах — 132,6 млрд долларов (82% — бессрочные фьючерсы), кредиты под криптозалог — 53,1 млрд (Z. Pokorny, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2025», Galaxy Research, 14.08.2025, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/the-state-of-crypto-leverage-q2-2025). Меры разные: открытая позиция показывает размер ставок, а заёмных денег в ней меньше, так что сравнение говорит о масштабе, а не о точной доле долга. По CoinGecko, в 2025 году объём торгов бессрочными фьючерсами на централизованных биржах составил 86,2 трлн долларов, на децентрализованных — 6,7 трлн (CoinGecko, «2025 Annual Crypto Industry Report» и «2026 Q2 Crypto Industry Report», https://www.coingecko.com/research/publications/2025-annual-crypto-report; https://www.coingecko.com/research/publications/2026-q2-crypto-report). Свежие цифры — в приложении Б.
914
Galaxy Research, 14.04.2025.
915
Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q1 2026: DeFi Exploits, Price Declines, and Capital Flight», 21.05.2026, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-lending-leverage-q1-2026.
916
Morrison Foerster, 2023, https://www.mofo.com/resources/insights/230109-celsius-bankruptcy-court-customer-deposits-earn-accounts.
917
Galaxy Research, «The State of Crypto Leverage – Q2 2026: An Orderly, Measured Decline», 17.08.2026, https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/crypto-leverage-report-q2-2026-defi-lending-decline-futures-open-interest.
918
CoinDesk, 20.04.2026, https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/04/20/defi-tvl-drops-more-than-usd13-billion-in-two-days-following-kelp-dao-hack (данные DefiLlama).
919
CoinDesk, 04.11.2025.
920
CoinDesk Research, «Market Spotlight: Inside Crypto’s $19 Billion Liquidation Event», https://www.coindesk.com/research/market-spotlight-the-19-billion-liquidation-that-shook-crypto.
921
S. Aramonte, W. Huang, A. Schrimpf, «DeFi risks and the decentralisation illusion», BIS Quarterly Review, 06.12.2021, https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt2112b.htm.
922
ASX, «ASX will reassess all aspects of the CHESS replacement project and derecognise capitalised software of $245-255 million pre-tax in 1H23», 17.11.2022, https://www.asx.com.au/content/dam/asx/about/media-releases/2022/60-17-november-2022-CHESS-Replacement-ASX-reassessing-financial-derecognition_.pdf.
923
ASX, «ASX will reassess all aspects of the CHESS replacement project and derecognise capitalised software of $245-255 million pre-tax in 1H23», 17.11.2022, https://www.asx.com.au/content/dam/asx/about/media-releases/2022/60-17-november-2022-CHESS-Replacement-ASX-reassessing-financial-derecognition_.pdf.
924
Сообщение ASX рынку 17.11.2022 о выводах обзора: «The independent report identifies significant challenges with the solution design and its ability to meet ASX’s requirements.» Списывается капитализированное ПО: «The CHESS replacement capitalised software will be derecognised… resulting in a charge of $245–255 million pre-tax»; после налогов — 172–179 млн, сумма названа оценкой (ASX, «ASX will reassess all aspects of the CHESS replacement project and derecognise capitalised software of $245-255 million pre-tax in 1H23», 17.11.2022, https://www.asx.com.au/content/dam/asx/about/media-releases/2022/60-17-november-2022-CHESS-Replacement-ASX-reassessing-financial-derecognition_.pdf). Председатель ASX Дэмиан Роуч: «…we have concluded that the path we were on will not meet ASX’s and the market’s high standards.» (ASX, «ASX will reassess all aspects of the CHESS replacement project and derecognise capitalised software of $245-255 million pre-tax in 1H23», 17.11.2022, https://www.asx.com.au/content/dam/asx/about/media-releases/2022/60-17-november-2022-CHESS-Replacement-ASX-reassessing-financial-derecognition_.pdf) Проект объявлен в 2016–2017 годах (дата начала в источниках расходится, вероятно, из-за разницы между выбором технологии и запуском проекта); технологический партнёр — Digital Asset (Ledger Insights, «ASX pauses DLT settlement project», 17.11.2022. https://www.ledgerinsights.com/asx-pauses-dlt-settlement-chess/; The Register, «Australian Securities Exchange pauses blockchain project…», 17.11.2022. https://www.theregister.com/2022/11/17/asx_blockchain_reading_project_paused/).
925
Accenture, «ASX CHESS Replacement Application Delivery Review», November 2022, с. 18 и с. 6 (PDF, копия: https://www.euromoney.com/pdf/asx-chess-replacement-application-delivery-review-2022-pdf/; ASX в сообщении https://www.asx.com.au/content/dam/asx/about/media-releases/2022/60-17-november-2022-CHESS-Replacement-ASX-reassessing-financial-derecognition_.pdf даёт ссылку на тот же отчёт).
926
Accenture. ASX CHESS Replacement Application Delivery Review, ноябрь 2022, с. 18: «ASX is the central source of truth and final arbiter of outcomes, minimising many of the benefits of a DLT architecture.» (Accenture, «ASX CHESS Replacement Application Delivery Review», November 2022, с. 18 и с. 6 (PDF, копия: https://www.euromoney.com/pdf/asx-chess-replacement-application-delivery-review-2022-pdf/; ASX в сообщении https://www.asx.com.au/content/dam/asx/about/media-releases/2022/60-17-november-2022-CHESS-Replacement-ASX-reassessing-financial-derecognition_.pdf даёт ссылку на тот же отчёт))
927
ASX, «ASX announces product based solution for CHESS replacement – industry consultation on next phase to commence in 2024», 20.11.2023, https://www.asx.com.au/content/dam/asx/about/media-releases/2023/70-20-november-2023-chess-replacement-solution-announced-and-2024-consultation.pdf.
928
Yaga D., Mell P., Roby N., Scarfone K. «Blockchain Technology Overview». NISTIR 8202, National Institute of Standards and Technology, October 2018, section 2, p. 5. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2018/NIST.IR.8202.pdf; DOI https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8202.
929
Yaga D., Mell P., Roby N., Scarfone K. «Blockchain Technology Overview». NISTIR 8202, National Institute of Standards and Technology, October 2018, section 2, p. 5. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2018/NIST.IR.8202.pdf; DOI https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8202.
930
NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 2, p. 5.
931
NISTIR 8202 (Yaga D. и др., Blockchain Technology Overview, 2018), разд. 2: «In simple terms, a permissioned blockchain network is like a corporate intranet that is controlled, while a permissionless blockchain network is like the public internet, where anyone can participate.» (NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 2, p. 5)
932
NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 2.1, p. 5.
933
NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 2.2, pp. 5–6.
934
NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 2, p. 5.
935
M. Castro, B. Liskov, «Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance», Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, New Orleans, February 1999; PDF (зеркало курса MIT 6.824): https://css.csail.mit.edu/6.824/2014/papers/castro-practicalbft.pdf.
936
NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 2.2, pp. 5–6.
937
NISTIR 8202, разд. 2.2: «However, if a single entity controls who can publish blocks, the users of the blockchain will need to have trust in that entity.» (NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 2.2, pp. 5–6)
938
NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 2.2, p. 6.
939
Wüst K., Gervais A. «Do you Need a Blockchain?» 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT), IEEE, pp. 45–54. DOI 10.1109/CVCBT.2018.00011; открытая версия: https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/375.pdf.
940
Wüst K., Gervais A. «Do you Need a Blockchain?» 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT), IEEE, pp. 45–54. DOI 10.1109/CVCBT.2018.00011; открытая версия: https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/375.pdf.
941
Wikipedia, «Blockchain», раздел о типах блокчейнов (обращение 26.09.2026). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain.
942
Wüst & Gervais, 2018, section III.
943
Wüst K., Gervais A. Do you Need a Blockchain? 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology, разд. III: «In general, using an open or permissioned blockchain only makes sense when multiple mutually mistrusting entities want to interact and change the state of a system, and are not willing to agree on an online trusted third party.» В сравнительной таблице той же статьи централизованная база данных превосходит оба типа блокчейна по пропускной способности и скорости (Wüst & Gervais, 2018, section III; Wüst K., Gervais A. «Do you Need a Blockchain?» 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT), IEEE, pp. 45–54. DOI 10.1109/CVCBT.2018.00011; открытая версия: https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/375.pdf).
944
Wüst & Gervais, 2018, Fig. 1.
945
NISTIR 8202, 2018, Figure 6 «DHS Science & Technology Directorate Flowchart», p. 42.
946
Схема научно-технического директората Министерства внутренней безопасности США (NISTIR 8202, рис. 6). Пятый вопрос схемы — трудно ли пишущим решить, кто должен управлять хранилищем данных; исход при «нет»: «If there are no trust or control issues over who runs the data store, traditional database solutions should suffice» (NISTIR 8202, 2018, Figure 6 «DHS Science & Technology Directorate Flowchart», p. 42). На втором вопросе у схемы есть обход для задач аудита: даже при одном источнике данных она ведёт дальше.
947
NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 8, p. 43.
948
NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 8, p. 41.
949
NISTIR 8202, разд. 8: «…most organizations approach the problem as „we want to use blockchain somewhere, where can we do that?“ which leads to frustrations with the technology as it cannot be applied universally.» О схеме Вюста и Жерве, реализованной на сайте сторонними разработчиками: «most paths lead to „no“ with only a few leading to „maybe.“» (NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 8, p. 41; NISTIR 8202, 2018, section 8, p. 43)
950
ASX, «ASX announces product based solution for CHESS replacement – industry consultation on next phase to commence in 2024», 20.11.2023, https://www.asx.com.au/content/dam/asx/about/media-releases/2023/70-20-november-2023-chess-replacement-solution-announced-and-2024-consultation.pdf.

