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Sakubei Yamamoto collection
The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906)
Desmet collection
Roald Amundsen’s South Pole Expedition (1910–1912)
Collection of Jewish musical folklore (1912–1947)
Original records of Carlos Gardel – Horacio Loriente collection (1913–1935)
Archives of the International Prisoners of War Agency, 1914–1923
The Battle of the Somme
Collection of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian émigré periodicals 1918–1945
League of Nations archives 1919–1946
Constantine collection
First flight across the South Atlantic Ocean in 1922
Kalman Tihanyi’s 1926 patent application ‘Radioskop’
Metropolis – Sicherungsstück Nr. 1: Negative of the restored and reconstructed version (2001)
C.L.R. James collection
Documentary heritage on the resistance and struggle for human rights in the Dominican Republic, 1930–1961
Sir William Arthur Lewis papers
Thor Heyerdahl archives
Ingmar Bergman archives
The Wizard of Oz (Victor Fleming, 1939), produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Warsaw Ghetto archives (Emanuel Ringelblum archives)
Astrid Lindgren archives
The Appeal of 18 June 1940
Diaries of Anne Frank
Archive of Warsaw Reconstruction Office
Archives of the Literary Institute in Paris (1946–2000)
Federal Archives fonds
Audiovisual documents of the international antinuclear movement ‘Nevada-Semipalatinsk’
UNRWA photo and film archives of Palestinian refugees
Los Olvidados
Nita Barrow collection
The Archives of Terror
John Marshall Ju/’hoan bushman film and video collection, 1950–2000
Traditional music sound archives
Neighbours, animated, directed and produced by Norman McLaren in 1952
José Maceda collection
Derek Walcott collection
The Family of Man
Christopher Okigbo collection
Eric Williams collection
The Mabo case manuscripts
Original negative of the Noticiero ICAIC Latinoamericano
Construction and fall of the Berlin Wall and the Two-Plus-Four-Treaty of 1990
Criminal Court Case No. 253/1963 (The State versus N. Mandela and Others)
Network of information and counter information on the military regime in Brazil (1964–1985)
First Byurakan Survey (FBS or Markarian survey)
Aral Sea archival fonds
Landsat Program records: Multispectral Scanner (MSS) sensors
Human Rights Archive of Chile
Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum archives
Human rights documentary heritage, 1976–1983
Liberation Struggle Living Archive Collection
Human rights documentary heritage, 1980
Twenty-One demands, Gdańsk, August 1980
National Literacy Crusade
Radio broadcast of the Philippine People Power Revolution
The Baltic Way – Human chain linking three states in their drive for freedom
Index
Contact information
Photo credits
Acknowledgements
Copyright
About the Publisher
Foreword (#ulink_b29225bc-3927-536a-bf63-cc9afc223ff9)
by Irina Bokova
Director-General of UNESCO
© UNESCO
UNESCO launched the Memory of the World Programme in 1992 to protect and promote the world’s documentary heritage through preservation and access – access to encourage protection, and preservation to ensure access.
This vision was vindicated a few months later, when on 25 August 1992, 1.5 million books in the Bosnia National and University Library in Sarajevo were destroyed. With this, a chapter of the history of humanity vanished. Too much of our heritage is lost like this in the heat of conflicts and through the twists and turns of history. Too much also lies hidden and inaccessible in libraries, museums and archives. This documentary heritage carries the memory of human experience. It is a vehicle for identity and a wellspring of knowledge and wisdom. For twenty years, UNESCO has worked to capture and to share this wealth for the benefit of all.
The UNESCO Memory of the World Registry contains today 245 documentary items from all parts of the world – from clay tablets, manuscripts and films to photographs, maps and web pages. This Register is our flagship to preserve, raise awareness and promote access to the documentary treasures of humanity. Preserving this heritage is important for maintaining the cultural heritage and identity of all societies. It safeguards our memories as a force shaping us as social beings in a common humanity.
The Memory of the World encourages every country to establish a national register and propose items for the international register. Heritage can be recorded on any of the carriers used to safeguard memories. These range from listings of archives relating to historical figures, such as Nelson Mandela and Alfred Nobel, to major historical events, voyages of exploration that have transformed the world, and the records of scientific discoveries and anthropological recordings. The scope is as vast, indeed, as is human experience.
Anne Frank’s Diaries or the Epigraphic Archives of Wat Pho need little explanation today. However, other items on the Register, such as the Sakubei Yamamoto collection and the 1824-1897 Royal Archives of Madagascar, may be less well-known but are no less emblematic of human ingenuity.
This book reveals this heritage in all of its diversity. For twenty years, the Memory of the World programme has gone from strength to strength. We must now take it ever further – by increasing nominations from all countries and by raising the visibility of preserving sources of knowledge of outstanding significance. Memory of the World is coming of age at a time when preserving our documentary heritage is more important than ever.
The emotional power of documents (#ulink_f439acdb-6c51-55e9-987f-15b13e8951fa)
Roslyn Russell PhD
Chair, International Advisory Committee
UNESCO Memory of the World Programme
Among the 245 inscriptions on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register is the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum archives from Cambodia. One photograph in the archives shows a young mother cradling a baby. It is an image that brings to mind countless others of the same subject – a mother and child – especially images of the Madonna and the Christ Child, the essence of serenity and spiritual grace.
But learning of the fate that met this particular mother and child can evoke an almost unbearable pain in the viewer – for these two individuals, after having been meticulously documented in this photograph, were taken out and killed, as were the other subjects of the photographs in the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum archives. These documents form a historical record, to be sure, but they also deliver a powerful emotional charge – and remind us of things that never should be forgotten, or repeated.
World significance, provenance and authenticity, and rarity and uniqueness are key values when assessing the suitability of a nomination of documentary heritage for inscription on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. However, we must never forget the reasons why documents are so important to us, and why we believe so passionately in their preservation.
The historical evidence that documents convey is one reason; others are the beauty and craftsmanship, or the technical innovations some documents display. The capacity of documents to engage our emotions and connect us to people and events in the past is another.
Archivists, librarians and museum curators who work with collections relating to Indigenous people can testify to the powerful emotions that flow when these people find their families mentioned in documents, or see photographs or film footage of their ancestors, or hear recordings of voices speaking their language.
Holy books and writings can also evoke strong emotional responses in members of particular faith systems. For a believer, a document associated with a saint or a prophet is not just a physical object; it possesses a spiritual power over and above its historical significance, or its value as an original, rare or unique item.
The popularity of exhibitions of documents indicates how compelling these can be in connecting people with the past. An exhibition curator explains why visitors flock to see displays of letters by writers, artists, scientists, philosophers, inventors, and political figures: ‘We see the writers’ words directly, unfiltered. The manuscripts give a sense of the authors’ daily lives, friendships, concerns and ambitions, their work and their leisure.’ Original music manuscripts can have the same emotional power, as the viewer sees the erasures, the corrections and the resolutions that lie behind a finished score. Even the pen strokes can convey the passion and intensity of composition. There are few objects of material culture that are more imbued with the personality of their originators than documents such as these.
It is the task of the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme to ensure that future generations will be able to access these documents and experience their emotional power, as well as to learn about the historical memories that they convey, or appreciate their beauty and craftsmanship.
Memory of World Register (#ulink_906daf55-47b3-5430-8392-1f809c1ec5c0)
Albania
Codex Purpureus Beratinus (#ulink_717805c1-0626-51e8-8337-92e2e1c5d2d6)
Angola
Arquivos dos Dembos / Ndembu archives * (#ulink_871cd7af-3a07-5cb2-82b8-fc461d810eec)
Argentina
Documentary heritage of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
Human rights documentary heritage, 1976–1983
Armenia
Mashtots Matenadaran ancient manuscripts collection (#ulink_01212dc2-c60f-5227-8d09-a16ee0602615)
First Byurakan Survey (FBS or Markarian survey)
Australia
The Endeavour journal of James Cook
The Convict Records of Australia
Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party to the people of Queensland
