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Английский язык. ВПР. 8 класс
A. The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was caused by ______.
1. a human error 2. an earthquake and a tsunami 3. a fire in the reactor 4. a terrorist attack
B. The earthquake that struck Japan in March 2011 had a magnitude of ______.
1. 6.0 2. 7.0 3. 8.0 4. 9.0
C. After the earthquake, the nuclear reactors at Fukushima ______.
1. continued working normally 2. were shut down automatically 3. exploded immediately 4. were flooded by the tsunami
D. The main problem at the plant was ______.
1. a lack of fuel 2. the loss of cooling systems 3. a fire in the control room 4. a strike by workers
E. The accident at Fukushima was classified as ______.
1. Level 4 2. Level 5 3. Level 6 4. Level 7
Задание 2. Чтение
Прочитайте текст. Для каждого предложения А–Е выберите один правильный вариант ответа из четырёх предложенных (1, 2, 3 или 4).
The oil spill: saving the ocean
On 20 April 2010, an explosion occurred on the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico. The explosion killed 11 workers and caused the rig to sink, starting a catastrophic oil leak from the well below.
Before it was capped three months later, approximately 134 million gallons of oil had spilled into the Gulf — the largest offshore oil spill in American history. The response to the disaster was enormous. More than 6,800 vessels were used in the cleanup operation, along with 117 aircraft. Over 43,000 personnel were involved in the response. More than 1.84 million gallons of chemical dispersants were used to break up the oil, and over 4 million feet of boom were deployed to contain the spill. An estimated 10.97 million gallons of oil were burned using controlled fires.
The environmental impact was severe. Scientists assessed injuries to fish, bottom-dwelling organisms, nearshore ecosystems, birds, sea turtles, and marine mammals. The spill resulted in the largest natural resource damage assessment ever undertaken. One expert noted that the Deepwater Horizon incident was the oil spill equivalent of having the Exxon Valdez oil spill happen once a week in the same location for 12 weeks. The long-term effects were difficult to measure. A NOAA scientist explained that fish affected by the oil might be consumed by other animals before they could be counted, and fish with reproductive impairments would not be visible without detailed studies. The spill also had subtle impacts on the food chain that could take years to fully understand.
In 2016, a historic settlement with BP was reached. The company agreed to pay up to $8.8 billion for restoration to address injuries to natural resources. The funds will be used to implement a comprehensive restoration plan for the Gulf. A NOAA podcast noted that the settlement money is slated for restoration projects, including efforts to increase fisheries and improve habitats, which will likely have positive effects on local economies. The Deepwater Horizon spill remains a reminder of the risks of offshore drilling. As one expert said, 'These are rare events. We have routine spills every day that you don’t read about in the newspaper, but these big ones are more like once-a-decade kind of scale.'
A. The Deepwater Horizon explosion happened in ______.
1. the Gulf of Mexico 2. the Atlantic Ocean 3. the Pacific Ocean 4. the North Sea
B. How much oil spilled into the Gulf?
1. 11 million gallons. 2. 43 million gallons. 3. 134 million gallons. 4. 1.84 million gallons.
C. The cleanup operation involved ______.
1. only ships and boats 2. vessels, aircraft, and personnel 3. only dispersants 4. only controlled burning
D. One long-term problem with the oil spill was ______.
1. the oil disappeared quickly 2. subtle impacts on the food chain 3. the oil was easy to clean up 4. the spill caused no damage
E. What happened in 2016?
1. The spill was forgotten. 2. BP agreed to pay for restoration. 3. The oil well exploded again. 4. The cleanup stopped.
Задание 3. Грамматика
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк с пропусками, обозначенными буквами А–Е, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Впишите полученные слова на места пропусков разборчивым почерком.
Tornado Alley: chasing the storm
Tornado Alley is a nickname given to an area in the southern plains of the central United States that consistently experiences a high frequency of tornadoes each year. The region stretches from central Texas northward to northern Iowa, and from central Kansas and Nebraska east to western Ohio.
On average, over 1,000 tornadoes hit the United States each year. In the spring, warm humid air from the Gulf of Mexico, hot dry air from Arizona and New Mexico, and cool dry air from Canada meet over this region. When these air masses collide, they create the perfect conditions for supercell thunderstorms, often the producers of violent tornadoes.
Storm chasers are people who follow these dangerous storms. Thomas Hinterdorfer, an Australian storm chaser, A ________________ tornadoes in the United States for the past decade. He and his partner cross the country every year, tracking the most extreme storms. By the time he saw his first tornado, he B ________________ about extreme weather for many years. Last year, he witnessed 58 tornadoes during his visit — a personal record.
Storm chasing is not just about excitement. Chasers collect scientific data that help to improve warning systems. While Hinterdorfer C ________________ a tornado in Nebraska in 2024, he saw the destruction it caused to a nearby community. He said the experience would live with him forever. Chasers often arrive first on the scene when communities are hit. They are a big part of the entire warning system. Today, storm chasers D ________________ new technologies to track storms more accurately. Experts believe that their work E ________________ more important in the future.
A. CHASE ________________
B. ALREADY LEARN ________________
C. FOLLOW ________________
D. USE ________________
E. BE ________________
Задание 4. Письмо
Напишите ответное письмо объёмом 90–110 слов, ответьте на три вопроса. Оформите свой ответ в соответствии с правилами оформления письма. Не пишите адрес и дату. Не забудьте поблагодарить за полученное письмо и написать, что ждёте ответного письма.
From: Peter@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@mail.ru
Subject: Natural disasters
...I am reading a book about people who chase tornadoes in the USA. It is fascinating but also frightening. These people risk their lives to study storms.
What do you think about storm chasers? Would you like to see a tornado? What natural disasters are the most dangerous in your opinion?
Write back soon.
Best wishes,
Peter
Вариант 5
Задание 1. Аудирование
Вы услышите сообщение. Для каждого предложения А–Е выберите один правильный вариант ответа из четырёх предложенных (1, 2, 3 или 4). Вы услышите запись дважды. При повторном прослушивании проверьте себя.
A. The bridge that collapsed in Baltimore was called ______.
1. the Golden Gate Bridge 2. the Francis Scott Key Bridge 3. the Brooklyn Bridge 4. the Chesapeake Bay Bridge
B. The bridge collapsed after it was hit by ______.
1. a cargo ship 2. a passenger ferry 3. a large truck 4. an oil tanker
C. The accident happened in ______.
1. January 2024 2. March 2024 3. May 2024 4. July 2024
D. At the time of the collapse, there were workers on the bridge ______.
1. repairing potholes 2. painting the bridge 3. fixing the road surface 4. installing lights
E. After the collapse, the port of Baltimore ______.
1. continued working normally 2. was closed to most ships 3. was moved to another city 4. was rebuilt in a week
Задание 2. Чтение
Прочитайте текст. Для каждого предложения А–Е выберите один правильный вариант ответа из четырёх предложенных (1, 2, 3 или 4).
Heatwave in the Arctic: climate emergency
In June 2020, something extraordinary happened in the small Russian town of Verkhoyansk, located in Siberia just inside the Arctic Circle. The temperature reached 38 degrees Celsius — the highest temperature ever recorded north of the Arctic Circle. This was not an isolated event. Across the Arctic, the summer of 2020 brought record-breaking heat that stunned scientists.
Verkhoyansk is known as one of the coldest places on Earth. In winter, temperatures can drop below minus 50 degrees Celsius. The town is a place where the ground is permanently frozen — a phenomenon known as permafrost. But in summer 2020, the same town was hotter than many cities in southern Europe. The heatwave had serious consequences.
In Siberia, wildfires burned across millions of hectares of forest, releasing huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The fires were so large that they could be seen from space. In some areas, the smoke covered entire cities, forcing people to stay indoors.
Scientists say the Arctic is warming more than twice as fast as the rest of the planet. This is because of a phenomenon called Arctic amplification. When sea ice melts, it exposes darker ocean water, which absorbs more heat from the sun. This causes more ice to melt, and the cycle continues. The loss of sea ice also affects animals like polar bears, seals, and walruses, which depend on ice for hunting and resting.
The melting of permafrost is another serious problem. Permafrost contains large amounts of organic matter — the remains of plants and animals that have been frozen for thousands of years. When permafrost thaws, this organic matter begins to decompose, releasing methane and carbon dioxide. These are powerful greenhouse gases that make climate change even worse.
In some parts of Siberia, the ground has begun to collapse as permafrost melts, damaging buildings and roads. The Arctic heatwave of 2020 was a warning. Scientists say that unless the world reduces greenhouse gas emissions quickly, the Arctic will continue to warm, and the consequences will be felt across the entire planet.
A. The town of Verkhoyansk is located ______.
1. in southern Russia 2. just inside the Arctic Circle 3. in northern Canada 4. in Alaska
B. In June 2020, the temperature in Verkhoyansk reached ______.
1. 28 degrees Celsius 2. 30 degrees Celsius 3. 38 degrees Celsius 4. 50 degrees Celsius
C. Why is the Arctic warming faster than the rest of the planet?
1. Because of Arctic amplification. 2. Because of volcanic activity. 3. Because of ocean currents. 4. Because of heavy snowfall.
D. What happens when permafrost thaws?
1. The ground becomes colder. 2. Greenhouse gases are released. 3. The sea ice grows. 4. Animals return to the area.
E. What is one consequence of the 2020 heatwave in Siberia?
1. Huge wildfires. 2. Heavy snowfall. 3. Flooding. 4. Earthquakes.
Задание 3. Грамматика
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк с пропусками, обозначенными буквами А–Е, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Впишите полученные слова на места пропусков разборчивым почерком.
The volcano that covered a town in ash
In 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted and buried the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum under a thick layer of volcanic ash. The eruption was one of the deadliest in European history. Before the eruption, people A ________________ in Pompeii peacefully. They did not know that the volcano above them B ________________ for centuries. When the eruption began, ash and rock C ________________ from the sky. Many people tried to escape, but it was too late. By the time the eruption ended, the towns D ________________ under ash and pumice. The cities remained buried and forgotten for nearly 1,700 years. Archaeologists who later excavated the site E ________________ many everyday objects — bread, wine, and even graffiti on the walls. Today, Pompeii is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most visited archaeological sites in the world.
A. LIVE ________________
B. SLEEP ________________
C. FALL ________________
D. COMPLETELY BURY ________________
E. FIND ________________
Задание 4. Письмо
Напишите ответное письмо объёмом 90–110 слов, ответьте на три вопроса. Оформите свой ответ в соответствии с правилами оформления письма. Не пишите адрес и дату. Не забудьте поблагодарить за полученное письмо и написать, что ждёте ответного письма.
From: Peter@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@mail.ru
Subject: Pompeii
...Yesterday I saw photographs of the ancient Roman town of Pompeii, which was buried under volcanic ash. I was shocked. It looked like the people had no chance to escape.
What do you know about Pompeii? Would you like to visit it? What natural disasters can happen in your region?
Write back soon.
Best wishes,
Peter
Вариант 6
Задание 1. Аудирование
Вы услышите сообщение. Для каждого предложения А–Е выберите один правильный вариант ответа из четырёх предложенных (1, 2, 3 или 4). Вы услышите запись дважды. При повторном прослушивании проверьте себя.
A. The lost tourist was hiking in ______.
1. the Scottish Highlands 2. the Lake District 3. Snowdonia 4. the Pennines
B. The tourist became lost because ______.
1. his phone battery died 2. he left the marked path 3. he ignored the weather forecast 4. his map was outdated
C. The tourist survived by ______.
1. finding a mountain hut 2. drinking water from a stream 3. building a shelter and staying calm 4. following a river downstream
D. The rescue team found the tourist after ______.
1. six hours 2. twelve hours 3. two days 4. three days
E. After his rescue, the tourist said that ______.
1. he would never go hiking again 2. he had learned an important lesson 3. he blamed the rescue team 4. he wanted to become a mountain rescuer
Задание 2. Чтение
Прочитайте текст. Для каждого предложения А–Е выберите один правильный вариант ответа из четырёх предложенных (1, 2, 3 или 4).
The skiing accident that changed everything
In December 2019, a young British skier named Charlotte was on holiday with her family in the French Alps. It was her third time on the slopes, and she had been skiing since she was a child.
On the second day of the holiday, Charlotte decided to try a more difficult run with her older brother. The weather was perfect — clear skies and fresh snow. While she was going down the slope, Charlotte hit a patch of ice and lost control. She fell badly and felt a sharp pain in her leg. Her brother, who had been skiing ahead of her, heard her cry and stopped immediately.
By the time the mountain rescue team arrived, Charlotte had been waiting in the snow for almost an hour. The rescue team took her to the nearest hospital, where doctors discovered she had broken her leg in two places. She needed surgery and could not ski for the rest of the season. Charlotte was disappointed, but she was also grateful.
The accident could have been much worse. After the accident, Charlotte decided to learn more about mountain safety. She learned that most skiing accidents happen when people try runs that are too difficult for their level. She also learned that it is important to check the snow conditions and never ski alone.
The following year, Charlotte returned to the Alps, but this time she was more careful. Today, Charlotte works as a ski instructor in the same resort where she had her accident. She says the experience changed her life. 'I used to think I was invincible,' she says. 'Now I know that safety always comes first.'
A. Charlotte was skiing in ______.
1. the Swiss Alps 2. the French Alps 3. the Italian Alps 4. the Austrian Alps
B. Charlotte fell because ______.
1. she was skiing too fast 2. she hit a patch of ice 3. her skis were broken 4. the weather was bad
C. How long did Charlotte wait for the rescue team?
1. About 30 minutes. 2. About an hour. 3. About two hours. 4. About three hours.
D. What did Charlotte learn after the accident?
1. Most accidents happen on difficult runs. 2. Skiing is too dangerous. 3. She should never ski again. 4. The rescue team was too slow.
E. What does Charlotte do?
1. She works as a doctor. 2. She works as a ski instructor. 3. She works as a mountain rescuer. 4. She works as a travel writer.
Задание 3. Грамматика
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк с пропусками, обозначенными буквами А–Е, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Впишите полученные слова на места пропусков разборчивым почерком.
When lightning strikes: safety rules
Lightning is one of the most powerful forces in nature. Every year, thousands of people around the world are injured or killed by lightning strikes. Scientists say that lightning A ________________ more than 100 times every second around the world. In the past, people B ________________ that lightning was a punishment from the gods. Today, we know much more about how it works. Lightning happens when electrical charges build up in clouds. When the charge becomes strong enough, a bolt of lightning C ________________ between the cloud and the ground. If you are caught outside during a thunderstorm, there are important safety rules. First, you should never stand under a tall tree. Second, you should stay away from water. Third, if you feel your hair standing on end, it means that lightning D ________________ to strike nearby. You should immediately crouch down and make yourself as small as possible. Experts say that many people E ________________ these simple rules in the future if they receive better education about lightning safety.
A. STRIKE ________________
B. BELIEVE ________________
C. TRAVEL ________________
D. BE ABOUT ________________
E. FOLLOW ________________
Задание 4. Письмо
Напишите ответное письмо объёмом 90–110 слов, ответьте на три вопроса. Оформите свой ответ в соответствии с правилами оформления письма. Не пишите адрес и дату. Не забудьте поблагодарить за полученное письмо и написать, что ждёте ответного письма.
From: Peter@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@mail.ru
Subject: Thunderstorms
...Thunderstorms are very common in my city. Last week there was a terrible storm, and I was really scared. I didn't know what to do.
Are thunderstorms common in your region? What should people do to stay safe during a thunderstorm? Have you ever been in a dangerous situation?
Write back soon.
Best wishes,
Peter
Вариант 7
Задание 1. Аудирование
Вы услышите сообщение. Для каждого предложения А–Е выберите один правильный вариант ответа из четырёх предложенных (1, 2, 3 или 4). Вы услышите запись дважды. При повторном прослушивании проверьте себя.
A. The car crash happened on ______.
1. the M1 motorway 2. the M25 motorway 3. the A1 road 4. the M4 motorway
B. The crash involved ______.
1. two cars 2. a lorry and a car 3. three lorries 4. a bus and two cars
C. The accident happened because ______.
1. the driver was speeding 2. there was thick fog 3. the road was icy 4. a tyre burst
D. The motorway was closed for ______.
1. two hours 2. four hours 3. six hours 4. the whole day
E. After the crash, police advised drivers to ______.
1. avoid the area completely 2. drive more slowly 3. use another route 4. stay at home
Задание 2. Чтение
Прочитайте текст. Для каждого предложения А–Е выберите один правильный вариант ответа из четырёх предложенных (1, 2, 3 или 4).
Skateboarding injuries: how to stay safe
Skateboarding is one of the most popular extreme sports in the world. It became popular in California in the 1950s and 1960s, when surfers wanted something to do when the waves were too small.
Today, millions of people around the world skateboard, and the sport is now part of the Olympic Games. However, skateboarding can be dangerous. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, more than 50,000 people visit hospital emergency rooms every year because of skateboarding injuries. Most injuries happen to young people under the age of 25.
The most common injuries are broken wrists, broken ankles, and head injuries. Falls are the main cause of skateboarding injuries. Beginners often fall because they lose their balance. Experienced skaters fall when they try difficult tricks. Poorly maintained skate parks and rough surfaces also cause accidents.
There are several ways to reduce the risk of injury. First, always wear a helmet. Head injuries can be very serious, and a helmet can save your life. Second, wear wrist guards, knee pads, and elbow pads. These protect the most vulnerable parts of the body. Third, learn the basics before trying difficult tricks. Fourth, check your skateboard regularly and make sure the wheels and trucks are in good condition.
Experts also recommend that beginners take lessons from a qualified instructor. Learning how to fall correctly is an important skill — it can prevent serious injuries. Finally, never skateboard in the dark or on wet surfaces, and always follow the rules of the skate park. Skateboarding is a fun and exciting sport, but safety should always come first. With the right equipment and a little common sense, you can enjoy the sport and avoid serious injuries.
A. Skateboarding became popular in ______.
1. New York in the 1970s 2. California in the 1950s and 1960s 3. Florida in the 1980s 4. Texas in the 1990s
B. How many people visit hospital every year because of skateboarding injuries?
1. More than 5,000. 2. More than 15,000. 3. More than 50,000. 4. More than 500,000.
C. The main cause of skateboarding injuries is ______.
1. bad weather 2. falls 3. broken skateboards 4. other skaters
D. What should beginners do to stay safe?
1. Try difficult tricks immediately. 2. Take lessons from an instructor. 3. Skateboard at night. 4. Avoid wearing a helmet.
E. According to the text, skateboarding is ______.
1. too dangerous to try 2. only for professionals 3. fun if you follow safety rules 4. not a real sport
Задание 3. Грамматика
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк с пропусками, обозначенными буквами А–Е, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Впишите полученные слова на места пропусков разборчивым почерком.
The storm that broke records
In October 1987, a powerful storm struck southern England. It was one of the worst storms in the country’s history. Before that night, people A ________________ such strong winds in the south of England. The storm killed 18 people and destroyed more than 15 million trees. The storm began suddenly. While most people B ________________, the winds reached speeds of up to 185 kilometres per hour. The storm C ________________ houses, roads, and power lines. By the time the storm ended, many towns D ________________ without electricity for days. Weather forecasters had not predicted the storm correctly, and many people were caught by surprise. In the past, people E ________________ the weather forecast without thinking, but after 1987, many began to check it more carefully. The storm changed the way Britain thinks about extreme weather.
