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Many-seeded Goosefoot
Flowers
Many-seeded Goosefoot Chenopodium polyspermum (Chenopodiaceae)
HEIGHT to 60cm
Spreading or upright annual stems square and usually reddish. Favours light, disturbed soils. FLOWERS Small, numerous, in long spikes (July–Sep). FRUITS Partly enclosed by sepals. LEAVESOval, untoothed, decreasing in size up stem. STATUS Widespread in England.
Good-King-Henry
Good-King-Henry
Flowers
Good-King-Henry Chenopodium bonus-henricus (Chenopodiaceae)
HEIGHT to 50cm
Upright introduced perennial; stems often streaked red. Favours disturbed arable land and waste ground. FLOWERS Numerous, in narrow, leafless spikes (May–Aug). FRUITS Ringed by sepals at the base. LEAVES Mealy when young but dark green with age; triangular in outline. STATUS Local.
Frosted Orache
Frosted Orache Atriplex laciniata (Chenopodiaceae)
USUALLY PROSTRATE
Distinctive silvery-grey plant that is characteristic of sandy beaches. Stems usually flushed with pink. FLOWERS Whitish, in clusters (July–Sep). FRUITS Diamond-shaped, toothed. LEAVESFleshy, mealy, toothed, diamond-shaped. STATUS Widespread, locally common but exclusively coastal.
See alsoSaltmarsh Goosefoot (#litres_trial_promo)
Goosefoot Family Chenopodiaceae (#ulink_f30a1438-3384-5376-9330-c6961f75a4c1)
Babington’s Orache
Babington’s Orache Atriplex glabriscula
PROSTRATE
A spreading, mealy annual. Restricted to stabilised shingle and bare, coastal ground. Stems usually reddish; whole plant often turns red in autumn. FLOWERS In leafy spikes (July–Sep). FRUITS Diamond-shaped, maturing silvery white. LEAVES Triangular or diamond-shaped. STATUS Locally common.
Common Orache
Common Orache
Flowers
Common Orache Atriplex patulaHEIGHT to 60cm
Variable, branched annual; sometimes upright but often prostrate. Found on bare ground. FLOWERS Small, greenish, in leafy spikes (July–Sep). FRUITS Diamond-shaped, toothless, lacking warts. LEAVES Toothed; upper ones lanceolate; lower ones triangular. STATUS Widespread and common.
Spear-leaved Orache
Spear-leaved Orache Atriplex prostrataHEIGHT to 70cm
Upright annual; stems often tinged red. Favours waste and bare ground near the sea. FLOWERS In rather short spikes (July–Sep). FRUITS Triangular; surrounded by green bracts. LEAVES Triangular in outline; toothed; basal, largest teeth are at right angles to the stalk. STATUS Widespread and locally common.
Grass-leaved Orache
Grass-leaved Orache Atriplex littoralisHEIGHT to 1m
Upright annual of bare coastal ground. FLOWERS Small, greenish, in spikes with small leaves (July–Sep). FRUITS Greenish, toothed, warty. LEAVESLong and narrow, sometimes with shallow teeth. STATUS Locally common.
Sea Beet
Sea Beet Beta vulgaris ssp. maritimaHEIGHT to 1m
Sprawling, clump-forming perennial of cliffs, shingle beaches and other coastal habitats. FLOWERS Green, in dense, leafy spikes (July–Sep). FRUITS Spiky; often sticking together in a clump. LEAVESDark green, glossy and leathery with reddish stems; shape varying from oval to triangular. STATUS Locally common.
Sea Purslane with Common Sea-lavender
Sea Purslane Atriplex portulacoidesHEIGHT to 1m
Spreading, mealy perennial that sometimes forms rounded clumps. Entirely coastal, and restricted to the drier reaches of saltmarshes. FLOWERS Yellowish, in spikes (July–Oct). FRUITS Lobed. LEAVES Grey-green, oval at the base but narrow further up the stem. STATUS Widespread and locally common.
Common Glasswort
Common Glasswort Salicornia europaeaHEIGHT to 30cm
Fleshy, yellowish-green annual; fancifully recalls a tiny cactus. Often appears segmented. Entirely coastal. A classic saltmarsh plant that tolerates tidal immersion in sea water. FLOWERS Tiny; appearing at stem junctions, of equal size and in 3s (Aug–Sep). FRUITS Minute seeds. LEAVES Small, paired, fleshy. STATUS Locally abundant.
Perennial Glasswort flowers
Perennial Glasswort
Perennial Glasswort Sarcocornia perennis
HEIGHT to 30cm
Branched and patch-forming succulent perennial with woody lower stems that turn orange with age. Entirely coastal; restricted to drier reaches of saltmarshes. FLOWERS Small, yellow, appearing at stem junctions, in 3s, the central one largest (Aug–Oct). FRUITS Minute. LEAVES Small, paired, fleshy. STATUS Local in S and E England, and S Wales.
Prickly Saltwort flowers
Prickly Saltwort
Prickly Saltwort Salsola kaliHEIGHT to 50cm
Spiky-looking, prickly annual that is typical of sandy beaches, usually growing near the strandline. Occasionally found beside regularly salted roads inland. FLOWERS Tiny, yellowish; appearing at leaf bases (July–Oct). FRUITS Similar to flowers. LEAVESSwollen, flattened-cylindrical, spiny-tipped. STATUS Locally common.
Goosefoot and Pink Families (#ulink_89094e4e-59d7-5a76-9539-1603e75be950)
Annual Sea-blite
Annual Sea-blite Suaeda maritima (Chenopodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50cm
Much-branched annual of saltmarshes. Forms small clumps that vary from yellowish green to reddish. FLOWERS Tiny, green; 1–3 appearing in axils of upper leaves (Aug–Oct). FRUITS Producing dark, flattish seeds. LEAVES Succulent, cylindrical, pointed. STATUS Widespread and locally common on all suitable coasts.
Shrubby Sea-blite
Shrubby Sea-blite Suaeda vera (Chenopodiaceae)
HEIGHT to 1m
Much-branched, evergreen perennial with woody stems. Restricted to coastal shingle and upper saltmarshes. FLOWERS Tiny, yellowish green; 1–3 appearing in leaf axils (June–Oct). FRUITS Producing rounded, black seeds. LEAVES Succulent, bluish green, blunt and almost semicircular in cross-section. STATUS Locally common in SE England.
Thyme-leaved Sandwort
Thyme-leaved Sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia (Caryophyllaceae) USUALLY PROSTRATE
Downy, grey-green annual of dry, bare soils. FLOWERS White, 5-petalled, 5–7mm across (May–Sep); green sepals shorter than petals. FRUITS Pear-shaped. LEAVES Oval; in opposite pairs on slender stems. STATUS Widespread and common.
Three-nerved Sandwort
Three-nerved Sandwort
Three-nerved Sandwort Moehringia trinervia (Caryophyllaceae) HEIGHT to 40cm
Straggly, downy annual of undisturbed woodlands. FLOWERS White, 5-petalled, 5–6mm across; on long stalks (Apr–July). White-margined green sepals are twice as long as the petals. FRUITS Capsules. LEAVES Ovate, with 3–5 obvious veins beneath. STATUS Widespread and locally common.
Spring Sandwort
Spring Sandwort Minuartia verna (Caryophyllaceae)
HEIGHT to 10cm
Slightly downy perennial that is characteristic of bare limestone soils or spoil from lead-mines. FLOWERS White, 5-petalled, 7–9mm across (May–Sep). Green sepals shorter than petals. FRUITS Capsules. LEAVES Narrow, 3-veined; in whorls on slender stems. STATUS Local and extremely habitat-specific.
Cyphel
Cyphel Minuartia sedoides (Caryophyllaceae)
HEIGHT to 3cm
Distinctive, cushion-forming perennial of damp, stony ground on mountain tops. FLOWERS Yellow, 4mm across; lacking petals (June–Aug). FRUITS Capsules. LEAVES Narrow, fleshy, densely packed. STATUS Restricted to mountains in the Scottish Highlands and a few Scottish islands.
Sea Sandwort
Sea Sandwort Honckenya peploides (Caryophyllaceae) PROSTRATE
Mat-forming perennial that is familiar on stabilised coastal shingle and sandy beaches. FLOWERS Greenish white, 6–8mm across (May–Aug). Petals slightly shorter than sepals. FRUITSYellowish green, pea-like. LEAVES Oval, fleshy; in opposite pairs on creeping stems. STATUS Locally common around coasts.
Greater Stitchwort
Greater Stitchwort Stellaria holostea (Caryophyllaceae) HEIGHT to 50cm
Familiar perennial of open woodland, woodland rides and hedgerows. Note rough-edged stems. FLOWERS White, with 5 notched petals; on slender stems (Apr–June). FRUITS Capsules. LEAVES Narrow, fresh green, rough-edged and grass-like; easily overlooked in the absence of flowers. STATUS Widespread and common.
Marsh Stitchwort
Marsh Stitchwort Stellaria palustris (Caryophyllaceae)
HEIGHT to 60cm
Rather straggly perennial of fens and marshes. Similar to Greater Stitchwort but with smooth stems and smooth-edged leaves. FLOWERS White, 12–20mm across, with 5 deeply notched petals (May–Aug). FRUITS Capsules. LEAVESGrey-green, narrow. STATUS Extremely local.
See alsoArctic Sandwort (#litres_trial_promo)
Pink Family Caryophyllaceae (#ulink_3af05a51-3f35-5902-b861-54e75dea10dc)
Bog Stitchwort
Lesser Stitchwort
Lesser Stitchwort Stellaria gramineaHEIGHT to 50cm
Perennial of open woodland, meadows and hedgerows, mainly on acid soils. Note smooth-edged stems. FLOWERS White, 5–15mm across, with 5 deeply divided petals (May–Aug). FRUITS Capsules. LEAVES Long, narrow, smooth-edged and grass-like. STATUS Widespread and common throughout. Bog StitchwortS. alsine is similar but tiny and straggling. Flowers 5–7mm across, petals deeply divided and shorter than sepals (May–June). Widespread in damp places.
Burbidge, Brinsley
Wood Stitchwort
Wood Stitchwort Stellaria nemorum
HEIGHT to 60cm
Rather straggly perennial with hairy stems. Found in damp woodland. FLOWERS White, 15–20mm across, the petals deeply divided into narrow lobes (May–Aug). Petals twice as long as sepals. FRUITS Capsules. LEAVES Oval, pointed; the lower ones stalked, the upper ones sessile. STATUS Widespread but local.
Common Chickweed
Common Chickweed Stellaria mediaHEIGHT to 30cm
Annual of disturbed ground. Sometimes prostrate. Stems hairy in lines on alternate sides between leaf nodes. FLOWERS White, 5-petalled, 5–10mm across; 3–8 stamens (Jan–Dec). FRUITS Capsules on long, drooping stalks. LEAVES Oval, fresh green and opposite; upper ones unstalked. STATUS Widespread and common.
Greater Chickweed
Greater Chickweed Stellaria neglecta
HEIGHT to 50cm
