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Water-pepper Persicaria hydropiperHEIGHT to 70cm
Upright, branched annual, characteristic of damp, bare ground such as winter-wet ruts, and shallow water. FLOWERS Pale pink, in long spikes that droop at the tip (July–Sep). FRUITS Small and nut-like. LEAVES Narrow, oval, with a peppery taste when chewed. STATUS Widespread and common, except in the north. Small Water-pepperP. minor is similar but much smaller (to 30cm), with shorter, narrower leaves (5–8mm across) that are not peppery. Local and scarce on bare pond margins.
Redshank
Redshank
Redshank Persicaria maculosaHEIGHT to 60cm
Upright or sprawling hairless annual with much-branched reddish stems. Found on disturbed ground and arable field margins. FLOWERS Pink, in terminal spikes (June–Oct). FRUITS Nut-like. LEAVES Narrow, oval, usually showing a dark central mark. STATUS Widespread and common throughout.
Pale Persicaria
Pale Persicaria
Pale Persicaria Persicaria lapathifoliaHEIGHT to 60cm
Upright or sprawling annual. Similar to Redshank but stems usually greenish and hairy. Found on disturbed ground and arable field margins. FLOWERS Greenish white, in terminal spikes (June–Oct). FRUITS Nut-like. LEAVES Narrow, oval. STATUS Widespread and generally common throughout.
Black-bindweed
Copse-bindweed
Black-bindweed Fallopia convolvulusHEIGHT to 1m
Extremely common, clockwise-twining annual that both trails on the ground and climbs among wayside plants. FLOWERS Greenish and rather dock-like, in loose spikes arising from leaf axils (July–Oct). FRUITS Nut-like, blackish. LEAVES Arrow-shaped, on angular stems. STATUS Widespread and common. Copse-bindweedF. dumetorum is similar but has much longer fruit stalks (4–8mm). Scarce.
Mountain Sorrel
Mountain Sorrel Oxyria digyna
HEIGHT to 30cm
Upright, hairless perennial of damp ground in upland areas; often found beside streams. FLOWERS Greenish with red margins, in loose, upright spikes (July–Aug). FRUITS Flat, broad-winged. LEAVES Entirely basal; rounded to kidney-shaped. STATUS Widespread and locally common in upland and northern areas.
Common Sorrel
Common Sorrel Rumex acetosaHEIGHT to 60cm
Variable perennial of grassy habitats. Whole plant often turns red as it goes over. FLOWERS Reddish, in slender spikes (May–July). FRUITS Nut-like with a small tubercle. LEAVES Deep green, arrow-shaped, narrow; tasting mildly of vinegar. STATUS Widespread and common.
Sheep’s Sorrel
Sheep’s Sorrel
Sheep’s Sorrel Rumex acetosellaHEIGHT to 25cm
Short, upright perennial of bare, well-drained acid soils. FLOWERS Greenish, in loose, slender spikes (May–Aug). FRUITS Nut-like. LEAVES Arrow-shaped but with basal lobes pointing forwards; upper leaves clasp the stem. STATUS Widespread and common in suitable habitats.
Curled Dock leaf
Fruit
Morgan, Lee
Curled Dock
Fruits
Curled Dock Rumex crispusHEIGHT to 1m
Upright perennial of rough meadows and disturbed soils. FLOWERS Flattened, oval, in dense, leafless spikes that do not spread away from the stem (June–Oct). FRUITS Oval, untoothed, usually with a single tubercle. LEAVES Narrow, to 25cm long and with wavy edges. STATUS Widespread and common.
Northern Dock
Northern Dock Rumex longifolius
HEIGHT to 1.5m
Upright perennial of disturbed ground, often beside rivers and roads, or near the coast. Rather similar to Curled Dock. FLOWERS Pale green, in narrow spikes. FRUITS Heart-shaped, lacking teeth and tubercles (July–Sep). LEAVES To 80cm long, broader than those of Curled Dock. STATUS Locally common only in central Scotland.
Smith, Don
Water Dock
Water Dock Rumex hydrolapathumHEIGHT to 2m
Large, unbranched perennial, associated with damp habitats such as ditches, river banks, canals and marshes. FLOWERS In tall, dense spikes (July–Sep). FRUITS Triangular, with few small teeth and 3 tubercles. LEAVES Oval, to 1m long, tapering at base. STATUS Widespread but absent from the north; commonest in S and E England.
Scottish Dock
Scottish Dock Rumex aquaticus
HEIGHT to 1.5m
Similar to Water Dock but more slender and less branched. Associated with waterside vegetation but restricted to Loch Lomond. FLOWERS In tall, dense spikes (July–Sep). FRUITS Triangular, lacking tubercles. LEAVES Long, triangular, with a broad base. STATUS Found only along E shores of Loch Lomond.
Broad-leaved Dock
Fruits
Broad-leaved Dock Rumex obtusifoliusHEIGHT to 1m
Familiar upright perennial of field margins and disturbed meadows. FLOWERS In loose spikes that are leafy at the base (June–Aug). FRUITS With prominent teeth and 1 tubercle. LEAVES Broadly oval, heart-shaped at the base; up to 25cm long. STATUS Widespread and extremely common throughout.
Clustered Dock
Fruits
Clustered Dock Rumex conglomeratusHEIGHT to 1m
Upright perennial with a zigzag stem and spreading branches. Found in meadows and woodland margins, often on damp soil. FLOWERS In leafy spikes. FRUITS Small, untoothed, with 3 elongated tubercles (June–Aug). LEAVES Oval; basal ones heart-shaped at base and often waisted. STATUS Mostly common but rare in Scotland.
Fruit
Wood Dock
Fruits
Wood Dock Rumex sanguineusHEIGHT to 1m
Upright, straggly and branched perennial of grassy woodland rides and shady meadows. FLOWERS In spikes; leafy only at the base (June–Aug). FRUITS With a single elongated wart. LEAVES Oval; basal ones heart-shaped at base, sometimes red-veined and never waisted. STATUS Widespread and common, mainly absent from Scotland.
Leaf
Fruit
Fiddle Dock
Fruits
Fiddle Dock Rumex pulcher
HEIGHT to 30cm
Upright to spreading perennial with branches spreading at right angles. Favours well-drained soil, often near the coast. FLOWERS On spikes in widely separated whorls (June–Aug). FRUITS Toothed, with 3 tubercles. LEAVES To 10cm, waisted and violin-shaped. STATUS Local, and restricted to S England and S Wales.
Marsh Dock fruit
Golden Dock fruit
Golden Dock
Marsh Dock
Golden Dock Rumex maritimus
HEIGHT to 70cm
Annual or biennial of muddy freshwater margins. Turns golden yellow in fruit. FLOWERS In dense, widely separated whorls (June–Aug). FRUITS With 3 tubercles and teeth longer than valves. LEAVES Lanceolate. STATUS Widespread but local, mainly in the south. Marsh DockR. palustris is similar but does not turn yellow; fruit teeth shorter than valve.
See alsoShore Dock (#litres_trial_promo)
Blinks to Goosefoot Families (#ulink_39c4bb1c-606a-5fdf-8bae-e5424239e5c8)
Springbeauty
Springbeauty Claytonia perfoliata (Portulacaceae)
HEIGHT to 30cm
Annual, introduced from N America; naturalised on dry, sandy soil. FLOWERS White, 5-petalled, 5mm across; in loose spikes (Apr–July). FRUITS Capsules. LEAVES Oval and stalked at the base; flowering stems bear fused pairs of perfoliate leaves. STATUS Widespread and locally abundant.
Pink Purslane
Pink Purslane Claytonia sibirica (Portulacaceae)
HEIGHT to 30cm
Annual or perennial, introduced from N America. Favours damp woods. FLOWERS Pink with darker veins, 5-petalled, 15–20mm across (Apr–July). FRUITS Capsules. LEAVES Oval, stalked at the base; flowering stems carry opposite pairs of unstalked leaves. STATUS Widely naturalised.
Blinks
Blinks Montia fontana (Portulacaceae) USUALLY PROSTRATE
Low-growing, sometimes mat-forming plant of bare, damp ground; sometimes grows partly submerged in water. Stems sometimes reddish. FLOWERS Tiny, white; in terminal clusters (May–Oct). FRUITS Rounded capsules. LEAVES Narrow oval, opposite. STATUS Widespread and common but least so in the south.
Hottentot-fig
Hottentot-fig Carpobrotus edulis (Aizoaceae)
CREEPING
Exotic-looking fleshy perennial, introduced from S Africa. Forms carpets on coastal cliffs and banks. FLOWERS Usually yellow (sometimes fade pinkish), 7–10cm across, many-petalled (May–Aug). FRUITS Swollen and succulent. LEAVES Dark green, succulent, 3-sided, 6–7cm long and narrow. STATUS Naturalised in the south-west.
Fathen
Fat-hen
Flowers
Fat-hen Chenopodium album (Chenopodiaceae) HEIGHT to 1m
Upright, branched annual of disturbed arable land. Often has a mealy appearance. FLOWERS Whitish green, in leafy spikes (June–Oct). FRUITS Rounded, and surrounded by 5 sepals, in a ring. LEAVES Green, matt-looking due to a mealy coating; varying from oval to diamond-shaped. STATUS Common. Fig-leaved GoosefootC. ficifolium is similar but with fig-like leaves. The flowers are greenish (July–Oct). Local on clay in central and S England.
Red Goosefoot
Fig-leaved Goosefoot
Red Goosefoot
Flowers
Red Goosefoot Chenopodium rubrum (Chenopodiaceae) HEIGHT to 60cm
Variable upright annual, of manure-enriched soils. Stems often turn red in old plants. FLOWERS Small, numerous, in upright, leafy spikes. FRUITS Rounded, enclosed by 2–4 sepals (July–Oct). LEAVESShiny, diamond-shaped, toothed. STATUS Common only in S England.
Many-seeded Goosefoot
