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1. who were very dangerous
2. that is such an important part of biology today
3. which made a very important contribution to the study of botany
4. which plants were good to eat and which could be used for medicine
5. what were the earliest zoological gardens
6. which led to an understanding of the causes of disease
7. which is an area of ever-growing knowledge
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Ответ …. A – B – C – D – E – F
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The Hitchhiker
As Andrea turned off the motorway onto the road to Brockbourne, the small village in which she lived, it was four o’clock in the afternoon, but already the sun was falling behind the hills. At this time in December, it would be completely dark by five o’clock. Andrea shivered. The interior of the car was not cold, but the trees bending in the harsh wind and the patches of yesterday’s snow still heaped in the fields made her feel chilly inside. It was another ten miles to the cottage where she lived with her husband Michael, and the dim light and wintry weather made her feel a little lonely.
She was just coming out of the little village of Mickley when she saw an old lady, standing by the road, with a crude hand-written sign saying «Brockbourne’ in her hand. Andrea was surprised. She had never seen an old lady hitchhiking before. However, the weather and the coming darkness made her feel sorry for the lady, waiting hopefully on a country road like this with little traffic. Normally, Andrea would never pick up a hitchhiker when she was alone, thinking it was too dangerous, but what was the harm in doing a favor for a little old lady like this? Andrea pulled up a little way down the road, and the lady, holding a big shopping bag, hurried over to climb in the door which Andrea had opened for her.
When she did get in, Andrea could see that she was not, in fact, so little. Broad and fat, the old lady had some difficulty climbing in through the car door, with her big bag, and when she had got in, she more than filled the seat next to Andrea. She wore a long, shabby old dress, and she had a yellow hat pulled down low over her eyes. Panting noisily from her effort, she pushed her big brown canvas shopping bag down onto the floor under her feet, and said in a voice which was almost a whisper, «Thank you dearie. I’m just going to Brockbourne.»
«Do you live there?» asked Andrea, thinking that she had never seen the old lady in the village in the four years she had lived there herself. «No, dearie,» answered the passenger, in her soft voice, «I’m just going to visit a friend. He was supposed to meet me back there at Mickley, but his car won’t start, so I decided to hitchhike. I knew some kind soul would give me a lift.»
Something in the way the lady spoke, and the way she never turned her head, but stared continuously into the darkness ahead from under her old yellow hat, made Andrea uneasy about this strange hitchhiker. She didn’t know why, but she felt instinctively that there was something wrong, something odd, something.. dangerous. But how could an old lady be dangerous? It was absurd. Careful not to turn her head, Andrea looked sideways at her passenger. She studied the hat, the dirty collar of the dress, the shapeless body, the arms with their thick black hairs.. Thick black hairs? Hairy arms? Andrea’s blood froze. This wasn’t a woman. It was a man.
At first, she didn’t know what to do. Then suddenly, an idea came into her terrified brain. Swinging the wheel suddenly, she threw the car into a skid, and brought it to a halt. «My God!» she shouted, «A child! Did you see the child? I think I hit her!» The «old lady’ was clearly shaken by the sudden skid. «I didn’t see anything dearie,» she said. «I don’t think you hit anything.» «I’m sure it was a child!» insisted Andrea. «Could you just get out and have a look? Just see if there’s anything on the road?» She held her breath. Would her plan work?
It did. The passenger slowly opened the car door, leaving her bag inside, and climbed out to investigate. As soon as she was out of the vehicle, Andrea gunned the engine and soon she had put a good three miles between herself and the awful hitchhiker.
It was only then that she thought about the bag lying on the floor in front of her. Maybe the bag would provide some information about the real identity of the old woman who was actually not an old woman. Pulling into the side of the road, Andrea lifted the heavy bag onto her lap and opened it curiously. It contained only one item – a small hand axe, with a razor-sharp blade. The axe, and the inside of the bag, were covered with the dark red stains of dried blood. Andrea began to scream.
12. Andrea shivered because…
1) the sun was falling behind the hills.
2) it was chilly inside the car.
3) it was snowing outside.
4) the weather was wintry.
Ответ:
13. Andrea decided to give the old woman a lift because…
1) she normally picked up hitchhikers.
2) she didn’t think it was dangerous.
3) had never seen an old lady hitchhiking before.
4) she was alone.
Ответ:
14. The old lady seemed strange to Andrea since…
1) she wore old shabby clothes.
2) her behaviour was unnatural.
3) she didn’t take off her yellow hat
4) she had a big shopping bag.
Ответ:
15. Andrea suddenly stopped her car because…
1) she thought she had hit a child.
2) the car skidded as there was ice on the road.
3) she wanted to make the passenger get out of the car.
4) she intended to frighten her passenger.
Ответ:
16. Andrea opened the bag because…
1) she was going to find the address of «the old lady’.
2) she would like to use her things.
3) she intended to throw her things away.
4) she wanted to find out who the passenger was.
Ответ:
17. Andrea felt terrified because the hitchhiker turned out to be…
1) a thief.
2) a smuggler.
3) a murderer.
4) a woodcutter.
Ответ:
18. According to the story, Andrea was…
1) resourceful.
2) suspicious.
3) cold-hearted.
4) persistent.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10—18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.
School Uniforms
Many people believe that uniforms are better than casual clothes for children at school. Uniforms remind the children that they have to follow rules at school.
19. Casual clothes ___________ this. NOT DO
20. With all the children at school ___________ the same clothes, children from rich families dress the same way as children from poorer families. WEAR
21. A uniform also ___________ a feeling that everyone at the same school is part of the same community. CREATE
22. In the 1960s and 1970s, many schools in Britain ___________ having a school uniform because of the expense for parents. STOP
23. Since then, however, a number of these schools ___________ uniforms back. BRING
24. Their new uniforms are more comfortable and more fashionable than uniforms ___________ forty years ago. BE
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.
The Longest River in the World
25. Many encyclopаedias state with _________ that the River Nile in Africa is the longest river in the world. CONFIDENT
26. Its length is often given as being 6,695 kilometres. However, there are _________ who would question that. SCIENCE
27. Indeed, some would argue that the River Amazon in South America is in fact longer than the Nile. At first sight it seems _________ that we don’t know exactly how long the rivers are. BELIEVE
28. The situation becomes more _________, though, when we consider. UNDERSTAND
29. that there is not always _________about where a river actually starts. AGREE
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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Space Programmes
The main argument used against the space programme is that the enormous amount of money it costs could be better spent on solving problems such as poverty and environmental damage here on Earth.
Initially, this view 30 ___________ persuasive, particularly when confronted with how huge the amounts of money we are talking about actually are. Surely, the argument goes, if, instead of sending hundreds of billions of dollars up into space for a pointless walk on the Moon or a few glossy colour photographs of Mars, we channelled the funds into 31 ___________ projects on our own planet, we could solve all the world’s problems in about as short a time as it takes for the space shuttle to circle the globe.
How appealing and – perhaps sadly – how untrue. The fallacy of that argument is in the idea that all of the money allotted to the space programme is wasted in space. It isn’t. None of the money goes into space at 32 ___________. It stays right here on Earth and is fed back into the economy.
Take the astronauts and tens of thousands of other people who are involved in whatever way with the space programme. They spend their salaries – and pay tax on them – here on Earth. That tax is used by governments to do a number of important things: build hospitals and schools, 33 ___________ pensions, pay for the police service and, yes, fund the space programme. Take the cost of all the spacecraft, the technology inside them and the research that’s done to create that technology. All of that money goes to companies here on Earth, companies which pay tax if they 34 ___________ a profit, and pay salaries to their workers, who then pay tax to the government, which builds hospitals, etc.
Looking at it the other way round, what would happen if all the governments in the world which have a space programme 35 ___________ their programmes down tomorrow? Would they have a lot more money to spend on other things? Only for a very short time, because along with the 36 ___________ savings there would be enormous costs from the increased unemployment and reduction in taxes received.
30. 1). sees. 2). sounds. 3). views. 4) hears
Ответ: ____
31. 1). generous. 2). pleasant. 3). worthwhile. 4) optimistic
Ответ: ____
32. 1). once. 2). best. 3). last. 4) all
Ответ: ____
33. 1). provide. 2). donate. 3). contribute. 4) sponsor
Ответ: ____
34. 1). make. 2). build. 3). construct. 4) manufacture
Ответ: ____
35. 1). finished. 2). ended. 3). turned. 4) closed
Ответ: ____
36. 1). urgent. 2). immediate. 3). hurried. 4) fast
Ответ: ____
По окончании выполнения заданий 19—36 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 19—29 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
