Memoirs of the Duchesse De Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1841-1850

T

TALLEYRAND, Charles Maurice, Prince de* (1754-1838). Prince of Benevento, vice-Grand-Elector of the Empire, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador in England, Peer of France and member of the Academy of Moral and Political Science.

TALLEYRAND, Baron, afterwards Count Charles de (1821-1896). French diplomatist, in succession secretary to the embassies at Lisbon, Madrid, St. Petersburg, and London. He was Minister Plenipotentiary at Weimar in 1852 and at Baden in 1854; Minister at Turin in 1859, and at Brussels in 1861; Ambassador at Berlin in 1862, and at St. Petersburg in 1864. In 1868 he was appointed Senator.

TATITCHEFF, Demetrius Paulowitch** (1769-1845). Russian diplomatist.

TESTE, J. B.* (1780-1852). French legal authority and politician.

THORWALDSEN, Bartholomew* (1769-1844). Celebrated Danish sculptor.

THUN UND HOHESTEIN, Count Leon of (1811-1888). He held a post in the Aulic Chancery at Vienna until 1848; was Minister of Education and Public Worship in 1849; life member of the House of Lords in 1861, and Envoy to the Bohemian Diet. After the victory of the Constitutional party he left the Landtag of Bohemia in 1871 and was not re-elected until 1883.

TIECK, Ludwig von (1773-1853). Celebrated German poet and man of letters, the translator of Shakspere and friend of Schlegel.

TILLY, the Comte de (1559-1632). One of the most famous Imperialist Generals in the Thirty Years War.

TOCQUEVILLE, Comte Alexis Clérel de** (1805-1859). French Deputy and distinguished historian.

TORENO, the Countess of. Wife of Jose Maria Gueipo y Slano, Count of Toreno,* Spanish statesman who retired from politics in 1835 and then settled at Paris.

TRACY, the Marquis de (1781-1864). At first an officer, he resigned in 1818 to devote himself to scientific research. In 1822 he was appointed a Deputy and took his seat on the Extreme Left with La Fayette. In 1848 he declared against the insurgents and under Prince Louis Napoleon took the portfolio of Naval and Colonial Affairs; he protested against the coup d'état and retired to his estates.

TRIQUETI, Baron Henri de (1802-1874). French painter and sculptor, a pupil of Hersent and by birth a native of Piedmont.

TROUBETZKOÏ, Prince Sergius. Died in 1861. He was one of the leaders of the conspiracy of 1825 and was condemned to death by the Supreme Court of Justice. His punishment was commuted by the Emperor Nicholas to permanent exile in Siberia, but he was pardoned on the accession of Alexander II. in 1855.

TUSCANY, Leopold II., Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke of** (1797-1870). He succeeded his father the Grand Duke Ferdinand III. in 1824.

TYCHO-BRAHÉ (1546-1601). Famous Swedish astronomer, who discovered an astronomical system in advance of the Ptolemaean and Copernican systems.

TYSZKIEWICZ, Princess* (1765-1834). Niece of Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski, last King of Poland.

U

UGGLAS, the Countess (1793-1836). Eldest daughter of the Field-Marshal Count Stedingk, Swedish Ambassador in Russia from 1790-1811. In 1812 she married the Lieutenant-Colonel Count Ugglas, who was afterwards a member of the Council of Ministers in Sweden.

ULRICA, Queen (1720-1782). Wife of King Adolphus Frederick of Sweden whom she married in 1844, and mother of King Gustavus III. She was a daughter of Frederick I., King of Prussia, and a sister of Frederick the Great.

USEDOM, Count Charles Louis Guido of (1805-1884). Prussian diplomatist and secretary to the Legation at Rome in 1835, and afterwards Envoy-Extraordinary in the same town. In 1850 he was commissioned to conclude peace with Denmark; in 1858 he was appointed Plenipotentiary for Russia to the Germanic Confederation, and in 1863 Ambassador in Italy. In 1872 he was appointed general director of the Berlin museums.

V

VALÉE, Marshal** (1773-1846). He became Governor-General of Algiers towards the end of his career.

VALENÇAY, Louis de Talleyrand-Périgord, Duc de Talleyrand et de* (1811-1898). Duc de Sagan after the death of his mother, née Princesse Dorothée de Courlande, author of these memoirs.

VALENÇAY, the Duchesse de* (1810-1858). First wife of the Duc de Valençay. Née Alix de Montmorency.

VALLOMBROSE, the Duchesse de. Died in 1841. Née Claire de Gallard de Brassac de Béarn, she married the Duc Vincent de Vallombrose.

VELTHEIM, the Countess of. Born in 1781 as Charlotte von Bülow. She was the third wife of Count Röttger von Veltheim.

VÉRAC, the Marquis Armand de** (1768-1858). Peer of France and Governor of Versailles.

VERNET, Horace** (1789-1863). Illustrious French painter.

VÉRON, Dr. Louis Désiré (1789-1867). On the conclusion of his professional work (he had practised from 1823), he devoted himself to literature and to commercial enterprises. For some years he was director of the opera; he then undertook, at the instance of M. Thiers, to revive le Constitutionnel of which he became managing director. He supported with all his power the candidature of Prince Louis Napoleon for the Presidency; was elected Deputy in 1852; sold le Constitutionnel to M. Mirès, and then retired from public life.

VESTIER, Phidias** (1796-1874). Architect at Tours.

VIARDOT, Madame. Born in 1821. She was Pauline Garcia, sister of Malibran and married Louis Viardot. She was a famous singer.

VICTOR EMMANUEL II. (1820-1878). King of Sardinia in 1849, King of Italy in 1861. He was the eldest son of the King Charles Albert who abdicated in his favour after the Battle of Novara. He overcame his difficulties by choosing clever and energetic Ministers. By his intervention in the Crimean war, to which he sent a force of seventeen thousand men, he obtained the right to proclaim the grievances and the rights of Italy at the Congress of Paris before Europe. The alliance of his daughter Clotilda with Prince Napoleon gave him the all-powerful support of France in the war against Austria in 1859, with which event Italian national unity began. In 1842 he married Adelaide, daughter of the Archduke Regnier, who died in 1855.

VILLELE, Mgr. de** (1770-1840). He was appointed Archbishop of Bourges in 1824.

VILLENEUVE, Madame de. Mlle. Guibert married under the Empire M. René de Villeneuve, who shared in some of the campaigns of the Grand Army, was made Count, and afterwards attached to Queen Hortense as Chamberlain.

VISCONTI, Louis Joachim (1791-1853). A famous architect, of Italian nationality, who left his country in 1798 and was a naturalised Frenchman in 1799. In 1808 he entered the School of Fine Arts, and in 1825 became architect of the Royal Library. He designed the tomb of the Emperor Napoleon at the Invalides; and also designed the fountains of Molière, of Louvois, and of Saint Sulpice, and finished building the Louvre, the general plan of which was of his design.

VITROLLES, the Baron de* (1774-1854). French diplomatist.

W

WALCKENAER, Baron Charles Athanase de (1771-1852). A learned French geographer, entomologist, and biographer, a member of the Institute. He was Prefect of Nièvre in 1826, and treasurer of the Royal Library in 1839.

WALDECK, Benedict Franz Löwe (1802-1870). A Prussian lawyer and great political agitator. In the Chambers of 1848 he joined the Opposition and headed a conspiracy, which ended in his arrest and imprisonment.

WALDECK, the Princess Regent of (1802-1858). Emma, daughter of the Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaunburg, married in 1823 Prince George of Waldeck. On her widowhood, in 1845, she became Regent of the Principality of Waldeck during the minority of her son.

WALDSTEIN-DUX-LEUTOMISCHL, the Count of (1793-1848). Austrian Chamberlain and major. He married in 1817 a Countess Fünfkirchen.

WALLENSTEIN (1583-1634). A famous soldier; one of the best-known Generals of the Thirty Years War.

WALSCH, Countess Agatha. Chief Lady at the Court of the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden.

WALEWSKI, the Comte (1810-1868). A French politician who supported Napoleon III. and became Minister of Foreign Affairs.

WALMODEN-GIMBORN, Count Ludwig von (1769-1862). An Austrian officer of great capacity and unusual strength of character. After 1823 he commanded the Austrian forces in Upper Italy and held this post until 1848, when he retired.

WASA, Prince Gustavus (1799-1877). In 1830 he married Princess Louise of Baden, daughter of the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden. Their only daughter married King Albert of Saxony.

WELLESLEY, Richard, Marquis of* (1760-1842). Eldest brother of the Duke of Wellington. He did important service for England as Governor-General of India, where he defeated Sultan Tippoo and destroyed the Empire of Mysore. He was twice Lieutenant of Ireland. He married in 1794 Mlle. Gabrielle Roland, who died in 1816; in 1825 he married the widow of Robert Paterson, the brother of the first wife of Jérôme Bonaparte.

WELLINGTON, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of* (1769-1852). At first an officer in the Indian Army and Member of the Irish Parliament, he became famous for his high military talent. He was present at the Congress of Vienna in 1814, and at that of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818; he then played an important part in English politics. In 1806 he married the Hon. Catherine Pakenham, daughter of Lord Longford, who died in 1831.

WERTHER, the Baron von* (1772-1859); Prussian diplomatist.

WERTHER, the Baroness von* (1778-1853). Née Countess Sophie Sandizell.

WESSENBERG-AMPRIGEN, the Baron* (1773-1858). Austrian diplomatist.

WESTMORLAND, John, Lord (1759-1841). Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from 1790 to 1795 under Pitt's Ministry. In 1782 he married Miss Sarah Child, who died in 1795, and in 1800 he married Miss Saunders, who survived him.

WESTMORLAND, John Burghersh, eleventh Earl of* (1784-1859). The only son and successor of the foregoing. He was a highly talented English General and an eminent diplomatist; was Minister Plenipotentiary at Berlin in 1841, at Vienna in 1851, and one of the chief members of the Vienna Conference in 1855; he retired to private life shortly afterwards.

WESTMORLAND, Lady Anne (1793-1879). Wife of the foregoing. She was married in 1811, and had six children. Her eldest son, Lord Burghersh, died in 1848 at the age of nineteen. Lady Westmorland was a daughter of William, Lord Maryborough, brother of the Marquis of Wellesley and of the Duke of Wellington above mentioned. She was a clever woman, with many friends.

WESTPHALIA, Count of. Born in 1805. Minister of the Interior in Prussia from 1850-1858, and Member of the House of Lords from 1854.

WEYER, Sylvan van de* (1803-1874). Belgian statesman and man of letters; Ambassador at London from 1846-1867.

WICHMANN, Ludwig Wilhelm (1784-1859). Prussian sculptor. Brother of Karl Friedrich Wichmann, also a sculptor.

WIELAND (1732-1813). Famous German poet and man of letters.

WILTON, Thomas Egerton, Lord (1799-1882). Second son of the Marquis of Westminster. He was a naval officer, and in 1835 held a post at Court. In 1821 he married Lady Margaret Stanley, daughter of Lord Edward of Derby, who died in 1858, leaving five children. In 1863 he married Miss Isabelle Smith, daughter of an officer in the Indian Army.

WINDISCH-GRAETZ, Prince Alfred of (1787-1862). Austrian General; he was commissioned in 1848, after a brilliant career, to suppress the insurrection in Vienna, and was rewarded by the rank of Field-Marshal. He afterwards conducted the Hungarian campaign with less success.

WINDISCH-GRAETZ, Princess Eleanor (1796-1848). Née Princess Schwarzenberg, she married in 1817 Prince Alfred of Windisch-Graetz. She was killed at Prague during the insurrection.

WINDISCH-GRAETZ, Princess Veriand of (1795-1876). Née Princess Eleanor of Lobkowitz, she had married in 1812 Prince Veriand of Windisch-Graetz.

WINTER, Herr von. Minister of the Interior in Prussia from 1859-1860. and afterwards chief of police from 1860-1861.

WITTGENSTEIN, Prince William of Sayn-** (1770-1851). Minister in the Household of King Frederick William III.

WOLFF, Herr von.** Councillor to the Home Office in Prussia.

WOLFF, Frau von.** Née Hennenberg.

WORONZOFF-DASCHKOFF, Count Ivan** (1791-1854). Russian diplomatist.

WREDE, the Prince of (1767-1838). A Bavarian General who took an active part in the Wars of the Empire.

WURMB, Friedrich Karl von** (1766-1843). Estate agent to the Duchesse de Talleyrand and de Sagan in Silesia.

WÜRTEMBURG, King William I. of* (1781-1864). Ascended the throne in 1816.

WÜRTEMBERG, the Prince Royal of. Born in 1823. In 1864 he ascended the throne of Würtemberg under the name of Charles I. He was the son of King William I., of his second marriage with his cousin Pauline of Würtemberg. He married in 1846 the Grand Duchess Olga Nicolaievna, born in 1822, daughter of the Emperor of Russia.

WÜRTEMBERG, Prince Paul of** (1785-1852). Brother of King William I.

WÜRTEMBERG, Prince Augustus of** (1813-1885). Distinguished officer in the Prussian service, where he held important posts.

WÜRTEMBERG, Princess Sophia (1818-1877). Daughter of the King of Würtemberg; she married in 1839 Prince William of Orange, afterwards King of the Low Countries.

WYM, Sir Henry Walthin (1783-1856). English diplomatist who for several years was Minister Plenipotentiary at Copenhagen.

Z

ZEA, Madame de.* Spanish lady, and wife of M. Zea Bermedez, a diplomatist.

ZEDLITZ, Baron Joseph Christian von (1790-1862). Famous German poet, who was an officer in the Austrian service and held a post at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Vienna.

ZICHY, Count Ferdinand (1783-1862). Austrian Field-Marshal. When commander of the Fortress of Vienna, in 1848, he capitulated to the insurgents; tried before a court-martial, he was condemned to lose his rank and to ten years' confinement in a fortress. He was pardoned in 1851.

ZICHY-VASONYKÖ, Count Eugène (1803-1848). He was accused as a spy by the Hungarian insurgents, who put him to death.

1

The Duc Pasquier was, in fact, elected member of the French Academy on February 17, 1842, in place of Mgr. Frayssinous, Bishop of Hermopolis (1765-1841), high master of the University, who was very ill in January 1841.

2

The publication which appeared in 1848 under the title The History of Madame de Maintenon and of the Principal Events of the Reign of Louis XIV.

3

Madame Récamier, at the outset of the Restoration and after her husband's ruin, settled at the Abbaye au Bois. All the famous men of the age struggled to secure admission to her salon, which apart from politics was a sort of nineteenth-century Hotel de Rambouillet, with Madame Récamier as Julie.

4

This woman, Eselina Vanayl de Yongh, under the name of Ida de Saint-Elme, was a famous adventuress. The supposed letters of Louis-Philippe had been entirely invented by her.

5

An allusion to the painted cloth manufacture founded in the eighteenth century by Oberkampf at Jouy-en-Josas, in the department of Seine-et-Oise, not far from Versailles.

6

The daughter of Lady Palmerston by her first marriage and a niece of Lord Melbourne. Lady Fanny was to marry Lord Jocelyn a few months later.

7

Young Colonel Cardigan had several quarrels with officers in his regiment, and after a duel with Captain Harvey Tuckett, whom he wounded, he was summoned before the House of Lords in its judicial capacity in 1841; he was acquitted, and his trial was merely a necessary concession to the law of the land against duelling.

8

M. de Bacourt, to whom this letter was addressed, was still acting as French Minister at Washington. This incident explains the coolness which arose between the Duchesse de Talleyrand and M. Thiers.

9

This great work consisted in copying and classifying papers which were collected under the title, Memoirs of the Prince de Talleyrand.

10

The Irish Registration Bill had been proposed by Lord Morpeth in the House of Commons, where it met with considerable opposition.

11

On February 16, 1841, King William I. of the Low Countries contracted a morganatic marriage with the Comtesse d' Oultremont-Vegimont, after abdicating in 1840, in favour of his son, King William II.

12

Extract from a letter.

13

The Sub-Prefect of Chinon at that time was M. Viel.

14

During the Canadian rebellion in 1837 and 1838, the steamship Caroline had been burnt on the Niagara River, and an Englishman, Mr. Amos Durfee, was killed. Mr. Alexander MacLeod, a United States citizen, was accused as his murderer, but Mr. Gridley, judge at Utica succeeded in proving his innocence.

15

See p. 22 for the announcement of the marriage of Lord Beauvale with Mlle. Maltzan.

16

Benais, the country residence near Rochecotte, then belonged to M. and Madame de Messine, the parents of Madame du Ponceau.

17

Extract from a letter.

18

Dr. Andral was a son-in-law of M. Royer-Collard.

19

This letter from M. de Talleyrand to King Louis XVIII. and the reply sent to him by M. de Villèle in the King's name, may be found in the appendix of the third volume of the Memoirs of the Prince de Talleyrand.

20

Count Pahlen.

21

See p. 15 (February 12, 1841). A judicial inquiry had been begun against M. de Montour, the manager of the newspaper la France, which had published the false letters. The matter was long delayed by the defence, and did not come before a jury until April 24. M. Berryer cleverly pleaded good faith on the part of M. de Montour, who had thought the letters authentic, though he had taken no pains to verify his belief. In the result the manager of la France was acquitted by six votes to six.

22

The Comte de Paris, born on August 24, 1838, was privately baptized at the Tuileries on his birthday. He was not admitted into the church until nearly three years later, when the ceremony took place at Notre Dame with great splendour.

23

The Marquise de Castellane was then seriously ill with quinsy, from the effects of which she suffered for a long time.

24

These letters are addressed to M. de La Gervaisais, a young Breton gentleman, an officer of carbineers of Monsieur's regiment. The Princesse de Condé had made his acquaintance in 1786 at Bourbon l'Archambault, where she had been to take the waters, and her feeling for him was both deep and pure.

25

Queen Adelaide.

26

The Comtesse d'Oultremont.

27

In Shakspere's Merchant of Venice.

28

Prince Anton Radziwill had been sent to Göttingen to conclude his studies, and while he was then staying in Germany in 1794, he made the acquaintance of Goethe, who was already working at the first part of Faust. Prince Radziwill was profoundly attracted by the beauty of this work, and as he was himself a most enthusiastic musician he undertook to put certain scenes of the great poet's creation to music, and completed the work of composition by degrees. The Prince was on terms of personal intimacy with Goethe, who slightly modified the garden scene between Faust and Margaret at his request. The first performance of Faust with Prince Radziwill's music was given at Berlin in 1819, at the Palace Theatre of Monbijou, before the whole of the Prussian court. The Berlin Academy of Music, to which the Prince presented his work, has performed it almost annually since that date.

29

The author had accompanied the Prince de Talleyrand to Vienna for the Congress of 1815, and the Prince refers to the incident in his Memoirs as follows: "I also thought that it was necessary to destroy the hostile prejudice with which imperial France had inspired the high and influential society of Vienna; for this purpose the French Embassy must be made a social centre. I therefore asked my niece, the Comtesse Edmond de Périgord, to accompany me and do the honours of my house. Her readiness and tact caused general satisfaction, and were highly useful to me." (Vol. II. p. 208.)

30

Extract from a letter.

31

This lamentable scene, the sad event which marked the last evening which Charles X. and the Dauphin spent at Saint-Cloud, is related at length in the memoirs of the Duc de Raguse, to which reference is here made (Vol. VIII. Book XXIV.), and is partly reproduced in a book by M. Imbert de Saint-Amand, entitled The Duchesse de Berry and the Revolution of 1830, which appeared in 1880.

32

The Queen of Hanover was the Duchess of Cumberland, by birth a Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She died on June 29, after suffering for three months from a form of consumption.

33

Hohlstein was the estate of the Princess of Hohenzollern Hechingen, by birth a Princess of Courlande.

34

La Jonchère was the property of M. Thiers at La Celle Saint-Cloud.

35

This protocol, which concluded the Egyptian question, was signed on July 13, 1841, by England, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Turkey. The Straits Convention, which was signed at the same time, added the signature of the French plenipotentiary to the rest.

36

On July 9 and 10 the inhabitants of Toulouse were disturbed by the question of the census. The agitation seemed to have died away when a serious rising broke out upon the 12th. Large bodies of people marched about the streets, and barricades were raised, and the 13th was a very threatening day. The town was saved by the wisdom of the temporary mayor, M. Arzac, who was able, by means of tact, to restore tranquillity.

37

The Duchesse de Talleyrand was born on August 21, 1793.

38

Where the Foreign Office is situated.

39

The revolutionary factions which were still seething, pursued their plan of destroying the Royal Family. On September 4, 1841, a pistol-shot was fired at the Duc d'Aumale as he was going down a street of the Faubourg Saint Antoine at the head of his regiment, the 17th Light Horse. The horse of Lieutenant-Colonel Levaillant, who was by the side of the Prince was killed by the ball.

40

The census at Clermont-Ferrand, as at Toulouse, was a pretext for disturbances which broke out on September 13, 1841, and continued the whole of the next day. The rioters attacked the armed force, and many soldiers were killed or wounded; the gates of the town were burnt, and a desperate combat ensued. It became necessary to send considerable military forces to the town to overwhelm the rebels and restore order.

41

The Marquis and Marquise de Castellane were now resident in Auvergne at their estate of Aubijou.

42

The National had published a correspondence concerning the disturbances at Clermont, full of falsehoods and invectives against the monarchy, and was accused of attacking the King's majesty and brought to trial. On September 24, 1841, a verdict of "Not Guilty" was passed by the jury of the Seine.

43

On October 7, 1841, at eight o'clock in the evening, Generals Leon and Concho took advantage of the fact that a regiment, formerly commanded by the latter, had arrived at Madrid. As the regiment was devoted to him the two Generals proposed to make a sudden attempt to carry off the Queen and the Infanta. They went to the palace at the head of a squadron of the Royal Guard, and while the regiment surrounded the palace they mounted to the Queen's apartments; these were fortunately guarded by halberdiers who offered a vigorous resistance, received them with rifle-shots, and drove them back several times. Espartero crushed this military plot, and had General Diego Leon shot on October 15.