How to Form a Library, 2nd ed

–– A Descriptive Catalogue of Playing and other Cards in the British Museum, accompanied by a Concise General History of the Subject, and Remarks on Cards of Divination and of a Politico-Historical Character. By William Hughes Willshire, M.D. Printed by order of the Trustees, 1876. Royal 8vo.

Chemistry.—A Dictionary of Chemistry and the allied Branches of other Sciences, founded on that of the late Dr. Ure. By Henry Watts. 1863-68. 5 vols. 8vo. Supplement, 1872. Second Supplement, 1879. Third Supplement, 1879-81. 2 vols.

–– Handbook of Modern Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic, for the use of Students. By Charles Meymott Tidy, M.B., F.C.S. London, 1878. 8vo.

–– Handbook of Chemistry. By L. Gmelin. Trans. by H. Watts. London, 1848-67. 17 vols. 8vo.

–– Industrial Chemistry, based upon the German edition of Payen's "Précis de Chimie Industrielle," edited by B.H. Paul. London, 1878.

–– A Treatise on Chemistry. By [Sir] H.E. Roscoe and C. Schorlemmer. London. 8vo.

Coins.—A Numismatic Manual. By John Yonge Akerman, F.S.A. London, 1840. 8vo.

–– The Silver Coins of England arranged and described by E. Hawkins. London, 1841. 8vo.

–– The Gold Coins of England arranged and described, being a sequel to Mr. Hawkins's Silver Coins of England, by his grandson, Robert Lloyd Kenyon. London, 1880. 8vo.

Commerce.—A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation. By the late J.R. McCulloch. Latest edition by A.J. Wilson. London, 1882. 8vo.

–– History of British Commerce, 1763-1870. By Leone Levi. London, 1872. 8vo.

Concordances.

Aristophanes.—A Complete Concordance to the Comedies and Fragments of Aristophanes. By Henry Dunbar, M.D. Oxford, 1883. 4to.

Bible.—A complete Concordance to the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. By Alexander Cruden, M.A. London, 1737. 4to. Second edition 1761, third edition 1769; this is the last corrected by the author. Most of the Concordances published since are founded upon Cruden.

–– An Analytical Concordance to the Holy Scriptures, or the Bible presented under distinct and classified heads of topics. Edited by John Eadie, D.D., LL.D. London and Glasgow, 1856. 8vo.

Homer.—A Complete Concordance to the Iliad of Homer. By Guy Lushington Prendergast. London, 1875. 4to.

–– A Complete Concordance to the Odyssey and Hymns of Homer, to which is added a Concordance to the parallel passages in the Iliad, Odyssey and Hymns. By Henry Dunbar, M.D. Oxford, 1880. 4to.

Milton.—A Complete Concordance to the Poetical Works of Milton. By Guy Lushington Prendergast, Madras Civil Service. Madras, 1857. 4to. Originally published in 12 parts.

–– A Complete Concordance to the Poetical Works of John Milton. By Charles Dexter Cleveland, LL.D. London, 1867. Sm. 8vo.

The Rev. H.J. Todd compiled a verbal Index to the whole of Milton's Poetry, which was appended to the second edition of his life of the Poet (1809).

Pope.—A Concordance to the Works of Alexander Pope. By Edwin Abbott, with an Introduction by Edwin A. Abbott, D.D. London, 1875. Royal 8vo.

Shakespeare.—The Complete Concordance to Shakspere: being a verbal Index to all the passages in the dramatic works of the Poet. By Mrs. Cowden Clarke. London, 1845. Royal 8vo.

–– Shakespeare-Lexicon: a Complete Dictionary of all the English words, phrases and constructions in the works of the poet. By Dr. Alexander Schmidt. (Berlin and London), 1874. 2 vols. royal 8vo.

–– A Concordance to Shakespeare's Poems: an Index to every word therein contained. By Mrs. Horace Howard Furness. Philadelphia, 1874.

–– A Handbook Index to the Works of Shakespeare, including references to the phrases, manners, customs, proverbs, songs, particles, etc., which are used or alluded to by the great Dramatist. By J.O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. London, 1866. 8vo. Only fifty copies printed.

Tennyson.—A Concordance of the entire works of Alfred Tennyson, P.L., D.C.L., F.R.S. By D. Barron Brightwell. London, 1869. 8vo.

Tennyson.—Concordance to the works of Alfred Tennyson, Poet Laureate. London, 1870. "The Holy Grail," etc., is indexed separately.

–– An Index to "In Memoriam." London, 1862.

Costume.—A Cyclopædia of Costume or Dictionary of Dress, including Notices of Contemporaneous Fashions on the Continent.... By James Robinson Planché, Somerset Herald. London, 1876-79. 2 vols. 4to. Vol. I. Dictionary. Vol. II. General History of Costume in Europe.

Councils.—Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents relating to Great Britain and Ireland. Edited after Spelman and Wilkins, by Arthur West Haddan, B.D., and William Stubbs, M.A. Oxford, 1869. Vol. II. Part I. 1873. Vol. III. 1871. 8vo.

–– England's Sacred Synods. A Constitutional History of the Convocations of the Clergy from the earliest Records of Christianity in Britain to the date of the promulgation of the present Book of Common Prayer, including a List of all Councils, Ecclesiastical as well as Civil, held in England in which the Clergy have been concerned. By James Wayland Joyce, M.A. London, 1855. 8vo.

Dates.—See History.

Dictionaries.

(English.)—One of the most useful English Dictionaries is the "Imperial Dictionary" by Ogilvie, which has been edited with great care by Charles Annandale.16 The vocabulary is very full, the etymology is trustworthy, and the definitions are clear and satisfactory. The engravings which are interspersed with the text are excellent, and greatly add to the utility of the Dictionary.

For years preparations have been made for a Standard English Dictionary, and at last the work has been commenced under the able editorship of Dr. James A.H. Murray. In 1857, on the suggestion of Archbishop Trench, the Philological Society undertook the preparation of a Dictionary, "which by the completeness of its vocabulary, and by the application of the historical method to the life and use of words, might be worthy of the English language and of English scholarship." The late Mr. Herbert Coleridge and Dr. Furnivall undertook the editorship, and a large number of volunteers came forward to read books and extract quotations. Mr. Coleridge died in the midst of his work, and upon Dr. Furnivall devolved the entire editorship in addition to his other onerous duties as Secretary of the Philological Society. He projected the admirable system of sub-editing, which proved so successful. As the work proceeded several of the most energetic and most competent workers undertook to sub-edit the materials already collected, each one taking a separate letter of the alphabet. Some two million quotations were amassed, but still the man was wanting who would devote his life to forming the Dictionary from these materials. In course of time Dr. Murray came forward, and in 1878 he prepared some specimens for submission to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, who agreed to publish the Dictionary. The first part was published in 1884, and the second in 1885.17 It is hoped that in future it will be possible to issue a part every six months. At present the alphabet is carried down to Batten. This is one of the most magnificent pieces of work that has ever been produced in any country, and it is an honour to every one concerned. To the Philological Society who conceived it, to Dr. Murray and his staff who have devoted so much labour and intellect to its production, and to the Clarendon Press who have published it to the world. It is, moreover, an honour to the country which now possesses a well-grounded hope of having, at no distant day, the finest Historical Dictionary ever produced.

In this connection the Encyclopædic Dictionary, now in course of publication by Messrs. Cassell, should be mentioned as a valuable work.

Up to a few years ago it was impossible to obtain any satisfactory etymological information on English words from our Dictionaries. Mr. Hensleigh Wedgwood partly removed this reproach by the publication of his very valuable "Dictionary of English Etymology" in 1859,18 but in this work Mr. Wedgwood only dealt with a portion of the vocabulary.

Professor Skeat commenced the publication of his indispensable "Etymological Dictionary of the English Language" (Clarendon Press) in 1879, and in 1884 he produced a second edition. In 1882 Professor Skeat published "A Concise Etymological Dictionary," which is something more than an abridgment, and a book which should find a place in all libraries of reference.

A Glossarial Index to the Printed English Literature of the Thirteenth Century. By H. Coleridge. London, 1859. 8vo. This was one of the earliest publications which grew out of the preparations for the great Philological Society's Dictionary. Stratmann's Dictionary of the Old English Language (third edition, Krefeld, 1878) is an indispensable work. A new edition, prepared by Mr. H. Bradley, is about to be issued by the Clarendon Press.

Of single volume Dictionaries, Mr. Hyde Clarke's "New and Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language as spoken and written" in Weale's Educational Series (price 3s. 6d.) is one of the most valuable. I have time after time found words there which I have searched for in vain in more important looking Dictionaries. Mr. Clarke claims that he was the first to raise the number of words registered in an English Dictionary to 100,000.

The Rev. James Stormonth's "Dictionary of the English Language, Pronouncing, Etymological, and Explanatory," is a work of great value. It is so well arranged and printed that it becomes a pleasure to consult it.

Those who are interested in Dialects will require all the special Dictionaries which have been published, and these may be found in the Bibliography now being compiled by the English Dialect Society, but those who do not make this a special study will be contented with "A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century, by J.O. Halliwell" (fifth edition, London, 1865, 2 vols. 8vo.), which is well-nigh indispensable to all. Nares's Glossary (1822-46, new edition, by J.O. Halliwell and T. Wright, 2 vols. 8vo. 1859) is also required by those who make a study of Old English Literature.

The following is a short indication of some of the most useful working Dictionaries:

Arabic.—Lane.

Greek.—Liddell & Scott's Greek-English Lexicon, both in 4to. and in abridged form in square 12mo.

Latin.—The Clarendon Press publish a Latin Dictionary founded on Andrews's edition of Freund, and edited by C.T. Lewis and C. Short, which is of great value. Smith's Dictionary, both the large edition and the smaller one, and that of Riddle are good.

French.—The Dictionaries of Fleming and Tibbins, and Spiers, keep up their character, but for idioms the International French and English Dictionary of Hamilton and Legros is the best. For smaller Dictionaries Cassell's is both cheap and good. Bellows's Pocket Dictionary has obtained considerable fame, but those who use it need a good eyesight on account of the smallness of the type. It is, however, beautifully printed. The Standard French Dictionaries of that language alone are the noble work of Littré and the excellent Dictionary of Poitevin (2 vols. 4to.). For early French Godefroy's elaborate work, which is now in progress, must be consulted.

German.—Fluegel's German and English Dictionary still holds its own, but Koehler's Dictionary is also excellent. Hilpert's and Lucas's Dictionaries, both good ones, are now out of print. Of Standard German Dictionaries Grimm's great work is still in progress. Sanders's Dictionary is also of great value.

Danish and Norwegian.—The Dictionary by Ferrall, Repp, Rosing and Larsen is good.

Dutch.—Calisch (2 vols. 8vo. 1875).

Hebrew.—Fuerst, Gesenius.

Icelandic.—Vigfusson.

Italian.—Baretti's Dictionary still keeps up its character, but Millhouse's work is also good.

Portuguese.—Vieyra.

Russian.—Alexandrow.

Sanscrit.—Monier Williams. Boehtlingk and Roth.

Pâli.—Childers.

Spanish.—Neumann and Baretti, and also Velasquez.

Swedish.—Oman.

Drama.—Biographia Dramatica; or a Companion to the Playhouse … originally compiled in the year 1764 by David Erskine Baker, continued thence to 1782 by Isaac Reed, and brought down to the end of November, 1811 … by Stephen Jones. London, 1812. 3 vols. 8vo.

–– A Dictionary of Old English Plays existing either in print or in manuscript, from the earliest times to the close of the seventeenth century; by James O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. London, 1860. 8vo.

Drugs.—Pharmacographia: a History of the Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin met with in Great Britain and British India. By Friedrich A. Flückiger, Ph.D., and Daniel Hanbury, F.R.S. Second edition. London, 1879. 8vo.

Ecclesiology.—Dictionary of Doctrinal and Historical Theology. Edited by the Rev. J.H. Blunt, M.A. Second edition. London, 1872. Imp. 8vo.

–– Dictionary of Christian Antiquities. By William Smith, LL.D., and Professor S. Cheatham. London, 1876-80. 2 vols. royal 8vo.

–– Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and Schools of Religious Thought. Edited by the Rev. John Henry Blunt, M.A. London, 1874. Imp. 8vo.

–– Glossary of Ecclesiastical Ornament and Costume, compiled from Ancient Authorities and Examples. By A. Welby Pugin, Architect.... Enlarged and revised by the Rev. Bernard Smith, M.A. Third edition. London, 1868. 4to.

–– A Glossary of Liturgical and Ecclesiastical Terms. Compiled and arranged by the Rev. Frederick George Lee, D.C.L. London, 1877. Sq. 8vo.

–– See Ritual.

Encyclopædias.—The Encyclopædia Britannica, or a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature. Ninth edition. Edinburgh, 1875. 4to. Now in course of publication.

–– Encyclopædia Metropolitana, or Universal Dictionary of Knowledge.... London, 1815-41. 26 vols. 4to.

–– Chambers's Encyclopædia. 10 vols. royal 8vo.

–– Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art. By W.T. Brande. 1842. New edition, edited by the Rev. J.W. Cox. London, 1866-67. 3 vols. 8vo.

Encyclopædias.—Rees's Cyclopædia (39 vols., plates 6 vols. 1820, 4to.) can be bought excessively cheap, and is well worth a place in a library where room can be found for it, as many of its articles have never been superseded.

–– Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIXe Siècle Français, Historique, Géographique, Mythologique, Bibliographique, Littéraire, Artistique, Scientifique, etc.... Par Pierre Larousse. Paris, 1866-76. 15 vols. 4to. Supplément, tome 16, 1878.

–– Dictionnaire Universel des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts … redigé avec la collaboration d'Auteurs spéciaux par M.N. Bouillet … douzième édition. Paris, 1877. 8vo.

Geography.—A General Dictionary of Geography, descriptive, physical, statistical, historical, forming a complete Gazetteer of the World. By A. Keith Johnston. New edition. London, 1877. 8vo.

–– The Library Cyclopædia of Geography, descriptive, physical, political and historical, forming a New Gazetteer of the World. By James Bryce, M.A. and Keith Johnston. London, 1880. Royal 8vo.

–– Index Geographicus, being a List alphabetically arranged of the principal places on the Globe, with the countries and sub-divisions of the countries in which they are situated and their latitudes and longitudes. Compiled specially with reference to Keith Johnston's Royal Atlas, but applicable to all modern atlases and maps, Edinburgh, 1864. Roy. 8vo.

Geography.—Etymologisch-Geographisches Lexikon. Separat-Ausgabe des lexikalischen Theils der Nomina Geographica von Dr. J.J. Egli. Leipzig, 1880. Royal 8vo.

–– Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, by various writers, edited by Dr. W. Smith. London, 1852. 2 vols. 8vo.

(Scotland.)—Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland. A Survey of Scottish Topography, statistical, biographical and historical. Edited by Francis H. Groome. Edinburgh, 1884. Vol. 1, roy. 8vo.

(France.)—Santini. Dictionnaire Général … des Communes de France et des Colonies. Paris. 8vo.

–– Dictionnaire des Postes de la République Française. 6e édition. Rennes, 1881. Roy. 8vo.

(Italy.)—Il Libro dé Comuni del Regno d'Italia. Compilato sopra elementi officiali da Achille Moltedo. Napoli, 1873. Roy. 8vo.

(United States.)—The National Gazetteer, a Geographical Dictionary of the United States.... By L. de Colange, LL.D. London, 1884. Roy. 8vo.

(India.)—Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial, and Scientific.... Edited by Edward Balfour.... Second edition. Madras, 1871-73. 5 vols. Roy. 8vo. Third edition. London, 1885. 3 vols. The first edition was published in 1858, and two Supplements in 1862.

Geology.—A Catalogue of British Fossils: comprising the Genera and Species hitherto described, with references to their geological distribution.... By John Morris, F.G.S. Second edition. London, 1854. 8vo.

Geology.—Principles of Geology. By Sir Charles Lyell. 10th edition. London, 1867-8. 2 vols. 8vo.

–– Manual of Elementary Geology. By Sir Charles Lyell. London, 1865. 8vo.

History.—Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables from the Creation to the present times.... [Edited by Sir Henry Ellis.] Imp. 8vo. London, 1844.

–– Atlas Universel d'Histoire et de Géographie contenant 1e la Chronologie.... 2e la Généologie.... 3e la Géographie.... Par M.N. Bouillet. Deuxième édition. Paris, 1872. 8vo.

–– Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire et de Géographie contenant 1e l'Histoire proprement dite.... 2e la Biographie Universelle.... 3e la Mythologie.... 4e la Géographie ancienne et moderne. Par M.N. Bouillet … ouvrage revu et continué par A Chassang. Nouvelle édition (vingt-cinquième), avec un Supplement. Paris, 1876. 8vo.

–– The Map of Europe by Treaty, showing the various political and territorial changes which have taken place since the General Peace of 1814, with numerous maps and notes. By Edward Hertslet, C.B. London, 1875. Vol. 1, 1814-1827; vol. 2, 1828-1863; vol. 3, 1864-1875.—This work shows the changes which have taken place in the Map of Europe by Treaty or other International arrangements. It contains a List of Treaties, etc., between Great Britain and Foreign Powers for the maintenance of the Peace of Europe and for the Settlement of European Questions, 1814-75.

History.—Moniteur des Dates, contenant un million des renseignements biographiques, généalogiques et historiques. Par Edouard Oettinger. Dresde, 1866-68. 6 thin vols. 4to. Tomes 7, 8, 9, Supplément commencé par E.M. Oettinger considérablement augmenté … par Dr. Hugo Schramm. Leipzig, 1873-1882.

–– Haydn's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information relating to all Ages. 16th edition, by Benjamin Vincent. London.

–– The Manual of Dates. A Dictionary of Reference of the most important facts and events in the History of the World. By George H. Townsend. Fifth edition entirely remodelled and edited by Frederick Martin. London, 1877. 8vo.

–– Encyclopædia of Chronology, Historical and Biographical. By B.B. Woodward, B.A., and William L.R. Gates. London, 1872. 8vo.

–– The Dictionary of Chronology, or Historical and Statistical Register. Compiled and edited by William Henry Overall, F.S.A. London, 1870. 8vo.

–– The Anniversary Calendar, Natal Book, and Universal Mirror; embracing anniversaries of persons, events, institutions, and festivals, of all denominations, historical, sacred and domestic, in every period and state of the world. London, 1832. 2 vols. 8vo.

History.—An Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople, from the death of Augustus to the death of Heraclius. By Henry Fynes Clinton, M.A. Edited by the Rev. C.J. Fynes Clinton, M.A. Oxford, 1853. 8vo.

–– Fasti Romani: the Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople, from the death of Augustus to the death of Justin II. [to the death of Heraclius]. By Henry Fynes Clinton, M.A. Oxford, 1845-50. 2 vols. 4to.

–– Fasti Hellenici: the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, from the earliest accounts to the death of Augustus. By Henry Fynes Clinton, M.A. Oxford, 1834-51. 3 vols. 4to.

–– Descriptive Catalogue of Materials relating to the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the end of the reign of Henry VII. By Thomas Duffus Hardy. London, 1862-71. Vol. I. From the Roman Period to the Norman Invasion. Vol. II. A.D. 1066 to A.D. 1200. Vol. III. A.D. 1200 to A.D. 1327.

–– The Dictionary of English History. Edited by Sidney J. Low, B.A., and F.S. Pulling, M.A. London, 1884. 8vo.

–– Introduction to the Study of English History. By Samuel R. Gardiner, Hon. LL.D., and J. Bass Mullinger, M.A. London, 1881. 8vo. The Second part by Mr. Mullinger is devoted to Authorities, and is a model of what such a work should be.

History.—Handy-Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying Dates with the Christian Era … with Regnal years of English Sovereigns from the Norman Conquest to the present time, A.D. 1066 to 1874. By John J. Bond. London, 1875. Sm. 8vo.

–– The Annals of England: an Epitome of English History, from contemporary writers, the Rolls of Parliament and other Public Records. Library Edition. Oxford and London, 1876. 8vo. Contains some valuable information as to the sources of history in the Appendix.

–– The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland, being a History of the House of Commons and of the Counties, Cities, and Boroughs of the United Kingdom from the earliest period. By T.H.B. Oldfield. London, 1816. 6 vols. 8vo.

–– An Index to "The Times," and to the topics and events of the year 1862. [By J. Giddings.] London, 1863. 8vo.

–– An Index to "The Times," and to the topics and events of the year 1863. By J. Giddings. London, 1864. 8vo.

–– Index to "The Times" Newspaper, 1864, to September, 1885. London. 410.

–– Annals of our Time, from the accession of Queen Victoria, 1837, to the Peace of Versailles, 1871. By J. Irving. London, 1871. 8vo. Supplement (Feb. 1871-July, 1878). London, 1879. 8vo.

(France.)—Dictionnaire Historique de la France.... Par Ludovic Lalanne. Paris, 1872. 8vo.

Insurance.—The Insurance Cyclopædia, being a Dictionary of the definition of terms used in connexion with the theory and practice of Insurance in all its branches; a Biographical Summary … a Bibliographical Reportery.... By Cornelius Walford. London, vol. 1, 1871, to vol. 6. Royal 8vo.

Language.—See Dictionaries, Philology.

Law.—The Law-Dictionary, explaining the rise, progress, and present state of the British Law.... By Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins; fourth edition by Thomas Colpitts Granger. London, 1835. 2 vols. 4to.

–– Wharton's Law-Lexicon, forming an Epitome of the Law of England … seventh edition by J.M. Lely, M.A. London, 1863. Royal 8vo.

–– A Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America and of the several States of the American Union.... By John Bouvier. Fourteenth edition. Philadelphia, 1870.

–– The Lawyer's Reference Manual of Law Books and Citations. By Charles C. Soule. Boston, 1883. 8vo.

–– Ancient Law; its connection with the early history of Society, and its relation to modern ideas. By H.S. Maine. London, 1861. 8vo.

Law.—Lectures in Jurisprudence. By John Austin. Third edition, revised and edited by R. Campbell. London, 1869. 3 vols. 8vo.

–– Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer. By R. Burn. The 30th edition was published in 1869. The 13th edition of Archbold's Justice of the Peace appeared in 1878.

–– Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England. Student's edition.

Literature.

(English.)—Cyclopædia of English Literature. Edited by Robert Chambers. Edinburgh, 1843. New edition by Robert Carruthers. Edinburgh. 2 vols. Royal 8vo.

–– Dictionary of English Literature, being a Comprehensive Guide to English Authors and their Works. By Davenport Adams. London, n.d. Sq. 8vo.

–– Professor Henry Morley's English Writers, his Tables of English Literature, and his volumes of Selections, entitled Library of English Literature, will be found of great value.