Meru Mountains. Hyperborea and Aryan ancestral homeland

From its name came a whole nest of modern Russian words: “mir” in its three main senses – “Universe”, “people”, “consent”, as well as “mera (measure)”, “more (sea)”, “mor (pestilence)”, “moroz (frost)” and others. Another historical landmark for the northern prehistory is the legendary country of Hyperborea.

However, to continue the further excursion into the history some general remarks are necessary.

Does ignorance rule the ball?

From the time of the militant Russophobian-Normanists of the 18th-19th centuries, a point of view distant from science has been implanted in historical literature, according to which Russian history itself begins supposedly with the calling of the Varangian princes, as well as with the adoption of Christianity that soon followed. Until then, the Russian people stayed, they say, in a wild, barbaric state, not to mention the fact that Slavic tribes in general are aliens in the territory where they live at the moment.

Unfortunately, N. M. Karamzin, who set the tone in his “History of the Russian State” with the following melancholic phrase: “This great part of Europe and Asia, now called Russia, in its temperate climates, helped to strengthen data far from reality of ideas, unfortunately. “It was originally inhabited by wild, inland ignorant peoples who did not celebrate their existence by any of their own historical monuments.”

Denial of the originality and autochthonism of the ancient Russian culture, but essentially the rejection of the most ancient roots of the Russian people and the establishment of the boundary of its historical existence sometime in the 9th century A.D. (some reduce this restrictive bar to 4—6 centuries) it was beneficial for both the then official authorities and church representatives.

The former were not interested in anything outside the framework of state legal structures, and their appearance was unambiguously associated with the appearance of the first ruling dynasty of the Rurikovich.

The latter was more than satisfied with the thesis about the savagery of the morals and culture of Russian people before the adoption of a new religion.

Unfortunately, this position, in every possible way encouraged and cultivated, has survived to the present day and has occupied a dominant position in school and university textbooks, scientific and popular literature, in the media, etc.

As a result, the opinion is widely spread that up to certain (specified) time limits, the Russian people did not exist at all, being outside the historical state, and when they arose (seemingly from nonexistence) in the historical arena, they simply adopted ideology, culture and state-legal traditions that developed before him (in the West) and without him.

Fortunately, another stream was always strong in Russian historical science.

Many prominent and rank-and-file researchers constantly searched for the origins of Russian identity in the very depths of human history, without opposing the Slavs to the most ancient ethnic groups living in the territory of modern Russia, and looking for Russian roots (and not only them) from peoples who have lived in the North for centuries.

This tradition dates back to two remarkable figures in Russian science – V. N. Tatishchev and M. V. Lomonosov. Both Russian scholars defended one and the same idea independently: the roots of the Russian people go back thousands of years and affect ethnic groups that from ancient times inhabited the north of

Eurasia and are known under different names to ancient and other authors (the latter include the compilers of biblical books, Arabic, Persian, Chinese and other chroniclers).

Tatishchev directly led the genealogy of the Slavs (and, consequently, the Russians) from the Scythians, while the area of their settlement spread far to the North and Siberia, calling our distant northern ancestors Scythians Iperborean.

The forefather of the Slavs and Russians, based on the data of the Babylonian chronicler Beros, Joseph Flavius and later historians, up to the anonymous author of the “Synopsis” of the 17th century, Tatishchev considered Mosokh – the sixth son of the biblical Yaphet (Japheth) and the grandson of the legendary Noah (national division in those days) did not exist).

On behalf of Mosokh (Mosca) the following names were subsequently formed: Moscow – first a river, then a city on it, Muscovia, Muscovites, Muscovitenes, etc.

There is an original interpretation of the name Mosk belonging to A. I. Asov: he considers it to be purely Russian, reproducing the word “mozg” – a brain with two deaf consonants at the end – how it is pronounced in oral speech.

Yaphet (Japheth), the son of Noah, according to many, is identical to the Greek titan Iapetus (Iapetus), the father of Prometheus, who lived, like all other titans (after losing to the Olympians), on the Blessed Islands, on the very edge of the Earth, that is, on Far North.

Tatishchev was not a loner in the study of the oldest roots of the Russian tribe. No less scrupulous and panoramic this problem was analyzed by V. K. Trediakovsky in an extensive historical work entitled: “Three arguments about the three most important antiquities of Russia…". In this undeservedly forgotten treatise, at least two dozen pages are devoted only to the question of Mosokh (Mosca) – the forefather of the Muscovites.

Trediakovsky, like no one else, had the right to a thoughtful historical-linguistic and etymological analysis of the above problems. A comprehensively educated scientist and writer, who studied at the universities of the Netherlands and the Paris Sorbonne, was fluent in many ancient and new languages and approved by an academician in Latin and Russian eloquence, an outstanding Russian enlightener stood together with Lomonosov at the origins of Russian grammar and versification and was a worthy successor to Tatishchev in areas of Russian history. In addition to enviable erudition, Trediakovsky possessed a rare gift inherent in him as a poet – a sense of language and an intuitive understanding of the deep meaning of words, which is unknown to the pedant scientist. So, he strongly supported and developed the opinion about the Russian basis of the Hellenic name “Scythians”.

In accordance with the norms of Greek phonetics, this word is pronounced like skete: the second syllable in its spelling begins with “theta” – q; in Russian dubbing, it is pronounced both as “f” and as “t”. Before the reform of the Russian alphabet, it included (as the penultimate one) the letter “fita” – q, intended to convey borrowed words including the letter “theta”. And the word Scythians in pre-revolutionary editions was written through phyto. In reality, “skyt” (the monastery) is a purely Russian root, forming a lexical nest with words like “skytatisia, skytanie” (wandering). Consequently, Scythian-skitian literally means: “skytalci” (nomads). A successful lexical equivalent was found for the name of the Scythian country: the Russian archaeologist D. Ya. Samokvasov named it “Scytania” (Wandering).

So, for the second time as a later borrowing from the Greek language, where it served as the name of the desert, the common root base “skit” again entered the Russian usage in the sense of: a remote monastic refuge or an Old Believer (old faith) monastery.

Lomonosov on the question: Are it possible to call Mosokh the ancestor of the Slavic tribe in general and the Russian people in particular, spoken flexibly and diplomatically. The Great Russian did not accept irrevocably, but he did not categorically reject the possibility of a positive answer, leaving “everyone has their own opinion”. As for the Herodotov’s “History” itself, Lomonosov considered its authority to uncover the genetic roots of the Russian tribe unquestioned.

In a concentrated form, the same understanding was later formulated by another prominent Russian historian, I. E. Zabelin: “No denying and doubting… criticism can rob the Russian history of its true treasure, its first chronicler, who is the father of history – Herodotus.” Now the position of Tatishchev – Lomonosov – Zabelin (later this line was continued by D.I. Ilovaysky, A.D. Nechvolodov, G.V. Vernadsky) can be significantly strengthened by arguments borrowed from historical linguistics, mythology and folklore.

But these are Scythians – some 70 generations from the present day (if you count according to the demographic canon – three generations per century): it would seem, at hand! What happened before?

The most thorough and well-reasoned answer to this question was answered by the outstanding Indian scientist and public figure B. Tilak in the capital work “The Polar Homeland in the Vedas”. Based on a rigorous analysis of ancient texts, he proved that they describe the location of stars and the movement of celestial bodies, characteristic of the circumpolar and polar regions, and not for the southern latitudes.

For example, the words of the sacred Vedic hymn: “To the best of the Gods see the Sun rising only once a year” should be interpreted in the sense of the onset of the polar day. And there are dozens and hundreds of such passages in the Vedas.

In the same spirit, one should also understand some of the “dark” passages of the Bible, such as the statement from the unsaved Book of the Righteous: “The sun stood in the sky and did not rush to the west for almost the whole day.”

Consequently, Tilak reasoned, once the Aryans, their ancestors, lived in the northern latitudes, from where they were forced to migrate to the South.

The concept of a single origin of the world’s languages is not new. In the same Bible, sometimes summarizing ancient knowledge in allegorical form, it is said: “On the whole earth there was one language and one dialect” (Genesis: 2, 1).

And this is not a metaphor, but an indisputable fact, as evidenced by at least common to all living and dead languages, the root substrates of index words and pronouns – the oldest lexical layer.

More recently, another verbal-semantic array of more than 200 languages of the world related to the process of childbearing, breastfeeding, etc., was subjected to computer processing. And again an unequivocal answer was received: all languages have a common primary principle – a single parent language.

How a glacier fettled history

The conclusion naturally came up: not only was the language single, but also the people who spoke it. It remained to determine where he lived – in the North or in the South?

But the “Northern Concept” was not seriously considered, since the prevailing and still “glacial theory” and its conclusion were considered that the North Eurasia, right up to the Carpathians and Dnieper, was completely covered with continental ice, and no life here was basically impossible. For over a hundred years, this whole dogma has been driven by this whole world history: its reckoning for Europe, Asia and North America begins somewhere from the 12th-10th millennium BC, when, after the gradual retreat (melting) of the glacier, the ancient man supposedly move slowly from South to North. Essentially, the glacier fettered the story itself!

Meanwhile, a lot of facts and arguments have been accumulated that testify far from in favor of an absolutized glacial concept. The saddest thing is that dogmatic theorists do not want to reckon with them, but prefer to use means that are far from science.

It got to the point that the supporters of the “glacial theory” found a second fossil soil in the pits, and according to their installations there should be only one, the “excess” was simply bombarded, and the expedition was declared “not the former”.

Likewise, non-glacial processes of formation of boulder deposits are hushed up: from the point of view of the “glaciers”, the appearance of boulders is explained by the “ironing” of ice: with its weight, it rolled and polished huge stones like pebbles in the seas and oceans. So, the abundance of boulders on the Valdai Upland is considered almost the main evidence that this territory was covered in the distant past with a powerful glacier.

Supporters of absolutized dogmas are ignored by the opinion of the founder of paleoclimatology A.I. Voeikov, who considered the existence of extensive European glaciation unlikely and allowed only his presence only in the north of Eurasia and America. As for the middle zone of Russia, here Voeikov was more than categorical: in accordance with his calculations, a glacial carapace at the latitude of Russian black earths would automatically entail the transformation of the earth’s atmosphere above this territory into a solid block of ice. This, of ourse, was not, and therefore there was not that picture of glaciations, which is usually drawn on the pages of textbooks. Therefore, it is necessary to more than carefully compare the “glacial hypothesis” with the well-known historical realities. Moreover, there are many facts that do not fit in the Procrustean bed of dominant dogmas.

Among them is the absence of a creeping ice crust in the modern harsh climate of Siberia and the Far North.

For some reason, it is generally accepted that in the past, under approximately the same conditions, glaciers chained the continent with the thickness of a kilometer-long shell, although now such a phenomenon is not even observed at the “cold pole” in the Russian settlement of Oymyakon. Instead of an overwhelming ice wall, the usual seasonal change in snow cover occurs with the usual movement of river and sea ice.

Summarizing the accumulated facts and summing up the general state of the problem of the so-called ice ages, Academician I. G. Pidoplichko noted: “Science still does not know such facts – geological, paleontological or biological – from which it would follow with logical inevitability that there would exist or on Earth at any time during its development of continental (non-mountain) glaciations. And there is also no reason to predict that such facts will ever be discovered.”

The above fully applies to the Kola Peninsula: glacial glaciation’s here, of course, was not one, but not on such hypertrophied spatial and temporal scales as is customary to draw in accordance with a tradition that does not withstand criticism. This is also confirmed by numerous data from Arctic archeology. It is enough to look at the archaeological maps of the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions in order to make sure that for many millennia life has been in full swing along the shores of the ocean, seas and rivers (the same applies to other areas, up to Chukotka).

According to various estimates, the age of the Paleolithic Byzovskaya site on the banks of the Pechora ranges from 40 to 20 thousand years (which in itself does not interfere with glacial dogma). Many finds were given by Svalbard.

There are no boundaries for northern archeology (conditionally, they can be considered only the bottom of the Arctic Ocean, where archaeologists, unfortunately, have not looked at yet).

Living beyond Borea

Literally, the ethnonym Hyperboreans means “those who live beyond Borea (the North Wind)”, or simply – “those who live in the North.” They were reported by many ancient authors.

One of the most respected scholars of the Ancient World, Pliny the Elder wrote about the Hyperboreans, as about the real ancient people living at the Arctic Circle and genetically associated with the Hellenes through the cult of Apollo Hyperborean. Here is what literally is said in Natural History (IV, 26): “Beyond the Riphean mountains, on the other side of Aquilon, the happy people (if you can believe this), called the Hyperboreans, reach very advanced years and are glorified by wonderful legends. They believe that there are loops of the world, and the extreme limits of the circulation of the stars. The sun shines there for half a year, and this is only one day when the sun does not hide (as the ignorant would think) from the vernal equinox to the autumn, the stars there rise only once a year during the summer solstice and only set during the winter. This country is all in the sun, with a favorable climate and devoid of any harmful wind.

Homes for these residents are groves, forests; the cult of the Gods manages individuals and society; strife and all manner of diseases are unknown there.

Death comes there only from the satiety of life… There is no doubt in the existence of this people.”

Even from this small excerpt from Natural History, it is not difficult to get a clear idea of Hyperborea.

The first – and this is the most important thing – it was located where the Sun may not set for several months. In other words, we can only talk about the circumpolar regions, those that in Russian folklore were called the Sunflower Kingdom.

Another important circumstance: the climate in the North of Eurasia at that time was completely different. This is confirmed by the latest comprehensive studies conducted recently in the north of Scotland under an international program: they showed that even 4 thousand years ago the climate at this latitude was comparable to the Mediterranean and there were a large number of thermophilic animals.

However, even earlier, Russian oceanographers and paleontologists found that in the 30—15 millennium BC the climate of the Arctic was quite mild, and the Arctic Ocean was warm, despite the presence of glaciers on the continent.

Approximately the same conclusions and chronological framework came to American and Canadian scientists. According to them, during the Wisconsin glaciation’s in the center of the Arctic Ocean there was a temperate zone favorable for such flora and fauna that could not exist in the polar and polar regions of North America.

The main confirmation of the indisputable fact of a favorable climatic situation is the annual migration of migratory birds to the North – a genetically programmed memory of a warm ancestral home.

Indirect evidence in favor of the existence in the northern latitudes of an ancient highly developed civilization can be found here powerful stone structures and other megalithic monuments located everywhere (alley of menhirs in French Brittany, stone labyrinths of Solovki and the Kola Peninsula).

A map of G. Mercator, the most famous cartographer of all time, based on some ancient knowledge, where Hyperborea is depicted as a huge Arctic continent with a high mountain in the middle, has been preserved.

On the other hand, ancient authors, in particular Strabo in their famous “Geography”, write about the outskirts of the northern territory, the polar tip of the Earth, called Tula (Tula). Thule just occupies the place where Hyperborea or Arctida should be calculated (more precisely, Thule is one of the ends of Arctida).

According to Strabo, these lands are located six days sailing north of Britain, and the sea there is gelatinous, resembling the body of one of the varieties of jellyfish – the “marine lung”.

If there are no reliable texts, but material monuments are either not recognized or hidden under the Arctic ice, language reconstruction can help: it, as the keeper of the thought and knowledge of disappeared generations, is no less reliable monument in comparison with stone megaliths – dolmens, menhirs and cromlechs. You only need to learn to read the meaning hidden in them.

The verbal tracing of the ancient Arctic land of Tule (Tula) is the name of the ancient Russian city of Tula. Of course, it is unlikely that the Russian city of Tula has a direct relationship (by belonging) to the ancient Hyperborea (Tula).

However, it is quite possible that the people associated with Hyperborea (Thule) were once forced to migrate from the legendary country and assign the name Tula to the new place of settlement (literally, “a hidden place”). According to the Dahl Dictionary, this is precisely the meaning of the concept of “Tula”: a hidden, inaccessible place (“tulit” – to hide, hide, hide).

Toponyms with the root “tul” are extremely widespread: the cities of Toulon and Toulouse in France, Tulchin in Ukraine, the river in the Murmansk region – Tuloma, the lake in Karelia – Tulos. The city of Tula, the ancient capital of the Pre-Columbian Toltec state (in the territory of modern Mexico), is also known on the American continent.

Despite the scarce information of historians, the ancient world apparently possessed extensive ideas and important details about the life and customs of Hyperboreans. And all because the roots of long-standing and close ties with them go back to the ancient community of the pra-Indo-European civilization, naturally associated with the Arctic Circle, and with the “end of the earth” – the northern coastline of Eurasia, and with the ancient mainland and island culture.

It is here, as Aeschylus writes: “On the edge of the earth”, “in the deserted desert of wild Scythians”, on the orders of Zeus, the rebellious Prometheus was chained to the rock: contrary to the prohibition of the Gods, he gave people fire, opened the secret of the movement of stars and lights, taught the art of composing letters, farming and sailing.

But the region where Prometheus tormented by the dragon-like kite languished, until Heracles (who received the epithet Hyperborean for it), was not always so deserted and homeless.

Everything looked different when, a little earlier, the famous hero of the ancient Perseus came to the Hyperboreans here to fight the gorgon Medusa and get magic winged sandals here, for which he was also called Hyperborean.

Polar Homeland

Could it be that the ancient inhabitants of the Arctic mastered the technique of aeronautics? Why not? After all, after all, in a multitude of images of probable aircraft – such as balloons – are preserved among the cave paintings of Lake Onega. There is among them a presumptive image of a flying hyperborean.

Russian folklore has also preserved many images-symbols of flying means: a flying ship, a wooden eagle, an airplane-carpet, a stupa of Baba Yaga and others.

Hellenic Solnebog Apollo, born in Hyperborea and having received one of his main epithets at his birthplace, constantly visited his distant homeland and the ancestral home of almost all Mediterranean peoples. Several images of Apollo flying to the Hyperboreans have survived. At the same time, the artists stubbornly reproduced the winged platform, which was completely untypical for antique fine symbolism, dating back, presumably, to some kind of real prototype.

It seems that it is not by chance that in northern art a real cult of winged people has developed. It is appropriate to assume that the especially beloved and venerated in Russia images of the bird-eaters of Sirin, Alkonost, Gamayun are rooted in deep Hyperborean antiquity.

More recently, many cast bronze figures of winged people, again making you remember the Hyperboreans, were discovered during excavations of the sanctuary on the island of Vaigach, located in the Arctic Ocean. But even earlier, many stylized bronze images of birdmen were found in different places of the Kama region and the Subpolar Urals – samples of the so-called Perm animal style.

For some reason, they are usually called “chud (miraculous) antiquities” and unilaterally tied to the Finno-Ugric culture. However, the origins of the Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, Indo-European and all other peoples should be sought in the undivided northern great people with a single language and culture. It is in this Hyperborean antiquity that the Permian roots with its winged birdmen, spread, however, all over the globe, right up to South America and Easter Island, go.

Other plots of chudes (in the sense of “miraculous” from the Russian word “chudo”) treasures confirm this. Thus, images of dual solar horses found also in the Kama region are widespread. This proves only one thing – the global origin of cultures and their carriers!

The descriptions of the “mechanism” of flights are preserved in a multitude in the memory of the northern peoples in the form of stable folklore images, carefully transmitted from generation to generation. It is appropriate to recall the climax of the Kalevala episode, which tells of a decisive sea battle between the protagonists of the Karelian-Finnish epic and the people of the far northern land opposing them Pohjela for the right to own the Sampo magic mill – an inexhaustible source of wealth and prosperity. The action takes place in the middle of the sea-ocean. Having tried all military means against the sons of the country of Kaleva and having failed, the mistress Pohela – the witch Louhi – turns into a giant bird – a “flying ship”. Here is how it looked in the transfer of folk storytellers: