Critical and Historical Essays. Volume 3

Rallies Hungary to her assistance, 265.

Cedes Silesia and wins Frederic, 266, 267.

Again attacked by Frederic, 268, 269.

Enmity toward him, 293.

Combines Europe against him, 294.

Makes peace with him, 328.

Marlborough, Duke of, converted to Whiggism, ii. 176.

Marsh, Bishop, opposes Calvinistic doctrine, ii. 653.

Martin, Mr., an illustrator, unfortunate in his choice of subjects, i. 744.

Mary, Queen, her persecutions more excusable than Elizabeth's, i. 292.

Fanaticism of, ii. 90.

Massinger, Philip, his fondness for the Catholic Church, ii. 88.

Mathematics, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 458.

Mawbey, Sir Joseph, accuracy of his anecdote of Johnson, i. 698.

Medicine, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461-463.

Meer Cossim, his talents, deposition, and revenge, ii. 733, 734.

Meer Jaffier, his conspiracy, ii. 710.

His conduct during the battle of Plassey, 715.

His pecuniary transactions with Clive, 720, 721.

His proceedings on being threatened by the Great Mogul, 724, 725.

His fears of the English and intrigues with the Dutch, 726.

Deposed and reseated by the English, 733.

His death, 737.

His large bequest to Lord Clive, 745.

Melancthon, ii. 68.

Memmius, compared to Sir W. Temple, ii. 596.

Memory, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461.

Mendoza, Hurtado de, ii. 133.

Metcalf, Sir Charles, ii. 761.

Mexico, exactions of Spanish viceroys in, ii. 733.

Michell, Sir Francis, ii. 414, 424.

Middleton, Dr., remarks on his Life of Cicero, ii. 360, 361.

Mill, James, his Essay on Government, i. 381-422.

Style of reasoning, 384.

His objection to aristocratical government, 387.

To monarchy, 388.

Contradicted by history, 390.

His fallacious reasoning with regard to combinations of government, 396.

On representative governments, 403.

Error in his theory, 405.

His idea with regard to suffrage qualifications, 408.

Failure to gauge human nature correctly, 414.

His art a trick of legerdermain, 417, 418.

Westminster Reviewer's defence of, refuted, 423-459.

His inconsistency, 464.

His merits as an historian, ii. 306, 307.

Defects of his history of British India, 671.

His unfairness towards Clive's character, 708.

Milton, John, compared with Dante, i. 13, 99.

His Essay on the Doctrines of Christianity recovered, 83.

Style and doctrines, 84.

His poetry his chief claim to recognition, 86.

His age unfavorable to his work, 86.

Excellence of his Latin verse, 91.

Suggestion the characteristic of his verse, 93.

L'Allegro and Il Penseroso, 94.

Samson Agonistes, 94.

Admiration for Euripides, 96.

Comus, 97.

Paradise Lost, 99.

His use of the supernatural, 104.

Character displayed in his poetry, 108.

His sonnets, 109. His public conduct, 110.

His support of public liberty approved, 121.

His defence of the regicides justified, 123.

His support of Cromwell creditable, 125.

His character a combination of the good elements of contemporary parties, 133, 134.

Prose writings, 137.

Blindness may have helped his work, 213.

His correctness considered, 584.

Admired by Byron, 595.

Minden, battle of, ii. 279.

Minorca, captured by the French, ii. 266.

Mirabeau, Dumont's Recollections of, ii. 95-127.

His use of nicknames, 125.

Compared with Wilkes, 125.

With Chatham, 126.

Missionary, story of a, i. 622.

Mitford, Mr., his History of Greece criticised, i. 56-82.

His characteristics as an historian, 57.

His narration better than his predecessors', 60.

His skepticism and political bias, 61.

Partial to Lacedæmon, 64.

And Lycurgus, 67.

Prejudiced against Athens, 70.

Inaccuracy with regard to Demosthenes, 73.

With regard to Æschines, 75.

His neglect of the peaceful pursuits of the Greeks, 77.

His faults, 274.

Molwitz, battle of, iii. 263.

Mompesson, Sir Giles, conduct of Bacon in regard to his patent, ii. 414, 415.

Abandoned to the vengeance of the Commons, 424.

Monarchy, the English, in the 16th century, ii. 75, 80.

Monjuich, fortress of, captured by Peterborough, ii. 163, 164.

Monopolies, during the latter part of Elizabeth's reign, ii. 382.

Multiplied under James, 414.

Connived at by Bacon, 414, 415.

Monson, Mr., made Councillor in India, iii. 144.

Opposes Hastings, 148.

Dies, 160.

Montagu, Basil, review of his edition of Lord Bacon's works, ii. 357-497.

Character of his work, 357-363.

His explanation of Lord Burleigh's conduct towards Bacon, 375.

His views and arguments in defence of Bacon's conduct towards Essex, 390-395.

His excuses for Bacon's use of torture, and his tampering with the judges, 405-408.

His reflections on Bacon's admonition to Buckingham, 416.

His complaints against James for not interposing to save Bacon, and for advising him to plead guilty, 427.

His defence of Bacon, 429-440.

Montesquieu, his Spirit of Laws, compared to Machiavelli's Prince, i. 180.

Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.

Montgomery, Robert, his poems reviewed, i. 546-568.

Passed off on the public as a great poet, 547.

His plagiarism and bad grammar, 556 et seq.

His descriptions, 560.

His personification, 563.

His unjustified popularity, 566.

His Satan, 566, 567.

Montreal, captured by the British, ii. 277.

Moore, Thomas, his Life of Lord Byron, i. 569-607.

Lalla Rookh, ii. 489.

More, Sir Thomas, as a character in Southey's Colloquies, i. 506.

His feeling for the doctrine of transubstantiation, iii. 7.

Mourning Bride, Congreve's, iii. 83.

Munny Begum, given charge of the infant Nabob, iii. 134.

Munro, Sir Thomas, ii. 761.

Munster, Bishop of, ii. 525.

Murray, Solicitor-General (1750), his character, ii. 258.

Professional ambition, 261.

Refuses Newcastle's overtures, 267.

Nabobs, class of Englishmen so called, ii. 745-748.

Napoleon, compared with Philip II. of Spain, ii. 131.

Anecdote of, 269.

His Old Guard compared with Clive's garrison at Arcot, 689.

His early proof of talents for war, 760.

Nares, Rev. Dr., review of his Burleigh and his Times, ii. 63-94.

Nelson, Southey's Life of, i. 499.

Newcastle, Duke of, his relation to Walpole, ii. 217, 218.

His character, 229, 230.

His appointment as head of the administration, 260.

His negotiations with Fox, 261, 262.

Attacked in Parliament by Chatham, 263.

His intrigues, 267.

His resignation of office, 268.

Sent for by the king on Chatham's dismissal, 270.

Leader of the Whig aristocracy, 272.

Motives for his coalition with Chatham, 273.

His perfidy toward the king, 274.

His jealousy of Fox, 274.

His strong government with Chatham, 275.

Forms a coalition with Chatham, iii. 596.

His power, 597.

Displaced by Bute, 620.

Newdigate, Sir Roger, his rule for prize poems, i. 585.

Newton, John, his connection with the slave trade, ii. 432.

His belief in predestination, 653.

Niagara, conquest of, ii. 276.

Nimeguen, treaty of, ii. 549.

Its hollowness and unsatisfactoriness, 550.

Nizam al Mulk, Viceroy of the Deccan, his death, ii. 684.

North, Lord, makes Hastings Governor-General of India, iii. 144.

Tries to remove him, 160.

Novum Organum, Lord Bacon's, quoted from, i. 447.

Use of quotation defended, 469.

Admiration excited by it before it was published, ii. 403.

And afterwards, 421.

Contrast between its doctrine and the ancient philosophy, 447, 455, 470.

Its first book the greatest performance of Bacon, 494.

Nov, Attorney-General to Charles I., ii. 26.

Nugent, Lord, review of his Memorials of John Hampden, his Party and his Times; ii. 1-62.

Nuncomar, candidate for minister of Bengal, his character, iii. 129.

Disliked by Hastings, 133.

Used as a tool, 135.

Accuses Hastings before the Council, 150.

Seized on charge of felony, and convicted, 153.

His execution, 155.

Oates, Titus, his plot, ii. 321-326.

Ochino, Bernardo, sermons by, ii. 369.

Ode to the Virgin, Petrarch's, i. 32.

Old Bachelor, Congreve's, iii. 81.

Oligarchy, has proved universally pernicious, i. 64.

Omichund, his position in India, ii. 709.

His treachery toward Clive, 711-717.

Omnipresence of the Deity, Montgomery's, criticised, i. 556.

Orange, William, Prince of, ii. 537.

The only hope of his country, 542.

His success against the French 543.

His marriage with the Lady Mary, 550.

See William III.

Orators, On the Athenian, i. 40-55.

Oratory, excellence to which it attained at Athens, i. 45.

Circumstances favorable to that result, 46.

Principles upon which it is to be estimated, 49.

Causes of the difference between English and Athenian orators, 50.

History of, at Athens, 51.

Speeches of the ancients, as transmitted to us by Thucydides, 52.

Period during which it flourished most at Athens, 52.

Coincidence between the progress of the art of war and that of oratory, 54.

Orme, his work on India, ii. 671.

Orsini, Princess, ii. 154, 155, 169.

Osborne, Sir Peter, and Sir William Temple, ii. 511.

Ossian, poems of, utterly condemned, i. 20.

Ostracism in Athens, i. 64.

Oude, Hastings's dealings with the Prince of, iii. 137.

Monetary demands on, 188.

Begums of, plundered, 191.

Overbury, Sir Thomas, ii. 436, 438.

Oxford, University of, inferior to that of Cambridge, in intellectual activity, ii. 364.

Painting, causes of its decline, in England after the civil wars, ii. 199.

Paley, cited, i. 660. Mr. Gladstone on, ii. 605.

Papacy, its antiquity, iii. 2.

Triumph at the Reformation due to public opinion, 25.

Papists and Protestants, line of demarcation between, ii. 380.

Paradise Lost, Milton's, i. 99.

Parker, Archbishop, ii. 89.

Parliament, recent demands on, i. 377.

Reform of, demanded, 378.

Parliament of James I., ii. 13, 14.

Of Charles I., his first, 15, 16.

His second, 17.

Its dissolution, 18.

His fifth, 31.

Effect of the publication of its proceedings, 220.

Parliament, the Long, its actions justified, i. 116.

Convened, 306.

Early measures approved, 316.

Attempt to seize five of its members, 318.

Loyal tendency of, 319.

Loyalists in, 320.

Attitude at the beginning of the war, 329.

Nineteen propositions of, 331.

Claims control of the militia, 333.

Its errors, 335.

Inclined to half measures at first, 338.

Growth of military party in, 339.

Gets into the hands of the army, 340.

Its first meeting, ii. 36.

Recapitulation of its acts, 37.

Its attainder of Strafford defended, 39, 40.

Sends Hampden to Edinburgh to watch the king, 41.

Refuses to surrender the members ordered to be impeached, 45.

Openly defies the king, 49.

Its conditions of reconciliation, 53.

Pascal, Blaise, ii. 590.

"Patriots, The," in opposition to Sir Robert Walpole, ii. 219.

Their remedies for state evils, 220-222.

Paulet, Sir Amias, ii. 373.

Peacham, Rev. Mr., his treatment by Bacon, ii. 405.

Peel, Sir Robert, i. 701.

Peerage, Sadler's assertion of its sterility refuted, i. 633, 684.

Pelham, Henry, his character, ii. 228.

His death, 260.

Pelhams, the, their ascendency, ii. 227.

Their accession to power, 255.

Feebleness of the opposition to them, 257.

Peninsular War, Southey's, i. 500.

People, the, in the 17th and 19th centuries, i. 543, 544.

Their welfare disregarded in partition treaties, ii. 141, 142.

Pepys, Samuel, praises the Triple Alliance, ii. 536, note.

Pericles, his eloquence, i. 53.

Distributes gratuities to Athenian tribunals, ii. 431.

Périer, J. V., his translation of Machiavelli, i. 140.

Peterborough, Earl of, his expedition to Spain, ii. 159.

His character, 159, 171.

His successes on the northeast coast of Spain, 161-166.

His retirement to Valencia thwarted, 170.

Returns to Valencia as a volunteer, 170.

His recall to England, 171.

Pétion, the Girondist, iii. 523.

His unfortunate end, 527.

Saint Just's speech on his guilt, 528.

"Petition of Right," enactment of the, ii. 17.

Violated by Charles I., 17, 27.

Petrarch, influence of his poems on the literature of Italy, i. 5, 6.

Celebrity as a writer, 23.

His amatory verses, 25.

Causes co-operating to spread his renown, 26, 27.

His coronation at Rome, 28, 29.

His poetical powers, 30.

His genius, 31.

Paucity of his thoughts, 31.

His energy when speaking of the wrongs and degradation of Italy, 32.

His poems on religious subjects, 32.

Prevailing defect of his best compositions, 33.

His imitators, 34.

His sonnets, 35.

Remarks on his Latin writings, 36.

Phalaris, Letters of, controversy upon their merits and genuineness, ii. 592-596.

Philip II. of Spain, extent and splendor of his empire, ii. 130.

Philip III. of Spain, his accession, ii. 148.

His character, 148-150.

His choice of a wife, 154.

Obliged to fly from Madrid, 166.

Surrender of his arsenal and ships at Carthagena, 167.

Defeated at Almenara, and again driven from Madrid, 173.

Forms a close alliance with his late competitor, 183.

Quarrels with France; value of his renunciation of the crown of France, 184.

Philip, Duke of Orleans, regent of France, ii. 118-120.

Compared with Charles II. of England, 119, 120.

Philips, Ambrose, friend of Addison, iii. 438.

Philips, Sir Robert, ii. 425.

Philosophical Church, the, iii. 39.

Its philanthropic tendency, 39.

Its extravagance, 42.

Philosophy, ancient, its characteristics, ii. 445.

Its stationary character, 449, 465.

Its alliance with Christianity, 452, 453.

Its fall, 453.

Its merits compared with the Baconian, 465-469.

Reason of its barrenness, 482.

Philosophy, moral, its relation to the Baconian system, ii. 472.

Philosophy, natural, the light in which it was viewed by the ancients, ii. 445-452.

New features of Bacon's, 455.

Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan's, its characteristic peculiarity, i. 745.

Liked by all classes, 746.

Characters real beings, 748.

Not a consistent allegory, 749.

Portrays its author's internal conflicts, 754.

Depicts characters and judicial scenes typical of the time, 756.

Pisistratus, Bacon's comparison of Essex to, ii. 388.

Pitt, William, the elder. See Chatham, Earl of.

Pitt, William, the younger, sides with Hastings at first, iii. 207.

Supports the Benares charge against him, 216.

Motive alleged, 219.

Pius V., a bigot, ii. 662.

Plain Dealer, Wycherley's, its appearance and merit, iii. 70, 79.

Plassey, battle of, ii. 713-715.

Its effect in England, 723.

Plato, never sullen, ii. 359.

Comparison of his views with those of Bacon, 456-469.

His excellence in the art of dialogue, 590.

Plutarch, his school of historical writers, their faults, i. 251.

Out of sympathy with their subjects, 252.

Their cant about patriotism, 254.

Their influence on England slight, 255.

The French affected by, 257; ii. 124.

His evidence of gift-taking by Athenian judges, 431.

His anecdote of a speech by Lysias, 601.

Poetry, semi-civilization most favorable to the creation of, i. 86.

Defined, 89.

Use of the supernatural in, 101, 102.

Application of criticism to, 191.

Need of skill in, 198.

Revivals of, 203.

Its decay retarded in England by the drama, 209.

Meaning of correctness in, 581.

Its object, 587.

Its imitation, 588.

Revival of, in England, 591.

Byron's share in its revival, 594.

Pole, Cardinal, ii. 69.

Politian, quoted, ii. 286.

Political Science, progress of, ii. 300, 307, 303, 355, 356.

Polybius, authenticity his only merit as an historian, i. 251.

Pondicherry, ii. 686.

Pope, Alexander, first English author to be free of patronage, i. 548.

Deterioration of his school, 591.

Admired by Byron, 594.

Enriched by political favors, 722.

Esteemed by Johnson, 733.

Friendship with Wycherley, iii. 74.

Defends Addison's Cato, 461.

Estranged from Addison, 469.

His character leads to a suspicion of malignity, 473.

Attacks Addison in Atticus, 474.

Popes, the, restraint of, in Italy, i. 145.

Ranke's History of, reviewed, iii. 1-46.

Popish Plot, the, ii. 321-325.

Popoli, Duchess of, saved by the Earl of Peterborough, ii. 164.

Population, theory of excess of, a reflection on the Deity, i. 611.

Sadler's law of, 615.

Disproved by evidence, 617.

Its dependence on wealth, 631.

Further refutation of Sadler's law, 670 et seq.

Portico, school of the, its doctrines, ii. 450.

Portocarrero, Cardinal, ii. 144-148.

Louis XIV.'s opinion of him, 154.

His disgrace and reconciliation with the Queen Dowager, 167.

Posidonius, on the value of philosophy, ii. 445.

Post Nati, the, great case of, in the Exchequer Chamber, conducted by Bacon; doubts upon the legality of the decision, ii. 402.

Pragmatic Sanction, agreed to, iii. 257.

Entirely destroyed by Frederic the Great's action, 262.

Prerogative, royal, curtailed by the Revolution, ii. 211.

Bolingbroke proposes to strengthen it, 211. See Crown.

Press, the, emancipation of, i. 369.

Censorship of, in the reign of Elizabeth, ii. 76.

Prince, The, Machiavelli's, i. 176.

Compared to Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, 180.

Printing, its inventor and the date of its discovery unknown, ii. 452.

Privy Council, Temple's plan for its reconstitution, ii. 553.

Mr. Courtenay's opinion of its absurdity contested, 554-565.

Barillon's remarks upon it, 556.

Progress of mankind, in the political and physical sciences, ii. 300-306.

In intellectual freedom, 380.

The key of the Baconian doctrine, 445.

How retarded by the unprofitableness of ancient philosophy, 445-472.

Protestantism, early history of, ii. 73, 74.

Its attitude toward private judgment, 643.

Rapid advance of, iii. 14.

Struggle with Catholicism, 25.

Dissension in the ranks of, 28.

Vanquished and humbled, 34.

Productive of prosperity to its adherents, 36.

Non-extension of, remarkable, 45.

Protestant Nonconformists, in the reign of Charles I., intolerance of, ii. 42.

Protestants and Catholics, relative numbers of, in the 16th century, ii. 83, 84.

Provence, earliest civilized portion of Western Europe, iii. 9.

Prussia, king of, subsidized by the Pitt and Newcastle ministry, ii. 278.

Its beginnings, iii. 243.

Becomes a kingdom, 244.

Condition of, under Frederic the Great, 275.

Fearful devastation of, in the Seven Years' War, 329.

Prynne, pilloried and mutilated, ii. 23, 29.

Public opinion, power of, ii. 209.

Public spirit, an antidote against bad government, ii. 78.

A safe-guard against legal oppression, 79.

Puffing, used to float poor books, i. 549.

Method employed, 550.

Discreditable to the author puffed, 552.

Its effect, 553.

Pulteney, William, his opposition to Walpole, ii. 213, 239.

Moved the address to the king on the marriage of the Prince of Wales, 246.

His unpopularity, 253.

Accepts a peerage, 254.

Puritans, absurd and brilliant characteristics of, i. 128-132.

Theatres closed by, 209.

Persecution of, by Elizabeth, inexcusable, 295.

Their persecution by Charles I., ii. 22.

Settlement in America, 29.

Blamed for calling in the Scots, 34.

Defended against this accusation, 34, 35.

Difficulty and peril of their leaders, 44.

The austerity of their manners drove many to the royal standard, 55.

Their position at the close of the reign of Elizabeth, 380.

Pym, John, intimate with Hampden, ii. 31.

His influence, 36.

His impeachment ordered by the King, 45.

Lady Carlisle's warning to him, 46.

Pynsent, Sir William, his legacy to Chatham, iii. 645.

Quebec, conquest of, by Wolfe, ii. 276.

Quintilian, as a critic, i. 42.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, ii. 94.

His position at court at the close of Elizabeth's reign, 383.

His execution, 413.

Ramus, ii. 455.

Ranke, Leopold, review of his History of the Popes, iii. 1-46.

His qualifications as an historian, 1, 44.

Red-haired people, might be forced into the attitude of the Jews toward governments, i. 649.

Reform Bill, ii. 268.

Conduct of its opponents, 336.

Reformation, the, spirit of, in Europe, i. 296.

In England, 297.

Its immediate effect upon political liberty in England, ii. 8.

Analogy between it and the French Revolution, 71.

Its effect upon the Church of Rome, 138.

Vacillation which it produced in English legislation, 364.

Progress of, in northern Europe, iii. 14.

In Italy, 15.

In Spain, 16.

Effect of, on the Catholic Church, 22.

Degenerates into a political contest, 35.

Reformers, always unpopular in their own age, ii. 303.

Regium Donum, ii. 654.

Religion, of the English, in the 16th century, ii. 85-89.

Injurious influence of Louis XIV. on, 118, 119.

Natural and revealed, does not admit of progress, iii. 4.

Remedies of Good and Evil Fortune, Petrarch's, i. 37.

Revolution of 1688, i. 366.

Review of Mackintosh's History of, ii. 283-356.

Revolution, the French, social and political consequences of, ii. 71, 72, 99-101, 296, 297.

Terms in which it is spoken of by M. Dumont, 98-103, 294.

Compared with the English and with the American, 107, 122-124.

The first and second, 108-110.

Warnings which preceded it, 112-122.

Richardson, Samuel, dependent on his shop for support, i. 723.

Richelieu, Duke of, captures Minorca, ii. 266.

His frivolity and vice, iii. 312.

Robertson, Dr., sometimes misplaced words ludicrously, ii. 477.

Robinson, Sir Thomas, leader of the House of Commons, ii. 262, 263.

Rockingham, Marquess of, leader of the independent Whigs, iii. 654.

Becomes first Lord of the Treasury, 655.

Brings Burke to his side, 656.

Action on the Stamp Act, 658.

Carries the repeal, 663.

Dismissed, 667.

Moderation toward the new government, 672.

Attitude toward Chatham, 680.

Roe, Sir Thomas, advises the East India Company, ii. 737.

Rohillas, their courage and independence, iii. 139.

Conquered for the Prince of Oude by British troops, 141.

Roland, Madame, dying words of, ii. 100.

Execution of, iii. 533.

Rome, its lack of progress in political science, i. 265.

Exclusive spirit of, 266.

Under the tutelage of Greece only, 267.

Literary torpor induced by despotism, 269.

Only broken by the barbarian invasions, 271.

Bribery at, ii. 431, 432.

Rome, Church of, its encroaching disposition, ii. 322.

Its policy, 334.

Remarkable history of, iii. 2.

Rebellion against in Provence, 9.

Lollard movement against, 13.

The great reformation, 14.

Internal purification of, 18.

New enthusiasm in, 22.

Its contest with Protestantism, 24.

Superb organization of, 29.

Its utilization of enthusiasts, 30.

Degenerates again from its highest standard, 35.

Its territorial limit, 36.

Fourth attack on, 38.

Its calamities during the French Revolution, 42.

Again regained its position, 44.

Rooke, Sir George, Rear Admiral, captures Gibraltar, ii. 158.

Fights with a French squadron near Malaga and returns to England, 159.

Rosamond, opera of, Addison's, iii. 431.

Rousseau, Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.