American Hero-Myths: A Study in the Native Religions of the Western Continent

[Footnote 29: See his "Essai sur l'Origine des Dènè-Dindjié," in his Monographie, above quoted.]

[Footnote 30: "Alle Sitten sind sittlich." Lazarus, Ursprung der Sitte, S. 5, quoted by Roskoff. I hardly need mention that our word morality, from mos, means by etymology, simply what is customary and of current usage. The moral man is he who conforms himself to the opinions of the majority. This is also at the basis of Robert Browning's definition of a people: "A people is but the attempt of many to rise to the completer life of one" (A Soul's Tragedy).]

[Footnote 31: "Las cosas que el Bochica les enseñaba eran buenas, siendo assi, que tenian por malo lo mismo que nosotros tenemos por tal." Piedrahita, Historia General de las Conquistas del Nuevo Reyno de Granada, Lib. i, Cap. iii.]

[Footnote 32: The reader willing to pursue the argument further can find these collections of ancient American laws in Sahagun, Historia de Nueva España, for Mexico; in Geronimo Roman, Republica de las Indias Occidentales, for Utatlan and other nations; for Peru in the Relacion del Origen, Descendencia, Politica, y Gobierno de los Incas, por el licenciado Fernando de Santillan (published at Madrid. 1879); and for the Muyscas, in Piedrahita, Hist. Gen. del Nuevo Reyno de Granada, Lib. ii, cap. v.]

[Footnote 33: P. Joseph de Acosta, Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias, Lib. vi, cap. 31 (Barcelona, 1591).]

[Footnote 34: See Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl, Historica Chichimeca, cap. xlix; and Joseph Joaquin Granados y Galvez, Tardes Americanas, p. 90 (Mexico, 1778).]

[Footnote 35: Roger Williams, A Key Into the Language of America, p. 152.]

[Footnote 36: See especially the Noticias sobre el Nuevo Reino de Granada, in the Colleccion de Documentos ineditos del Archivo de Indias, vol. v, p. 529.]

THE END

INDEXES

I. INDEX OF AUTHORS

Acosta, J. de

Alegre, F.X.

Anales del Museo Nacional de Mejico

Ancona, Eligio

Angrand, L.

Annals of Cuauhtitlan

Antonio, G.

Argoll, Capt

Avila, Francisco de

Bancroft, H.H.

Baraga, Frederick

Basalenque, D.

Becerra

Beltran, de Santa Rosa

Berendt, C.H.

Bernal Diaz

Bertonio, L.

Betanzos, Juan de

Bobadilla, F. de

Boturini, L.

Bourbourg, Brasseur de, see Brasseur.

Brasseur (de Bourbourg), C.

Buschmann, J.C.E.

Buteux, Father

Cabrera, P.F.

Campanius, Thomas

Campbell, John

Carriedo, J.B.

Carrillo, Crescencio

Charency, H. de

Charlevoix, Pére

Chavero, Alfredo

Chaves, Gabriel de

Chilan Balam, Books of

Clavigero, Francesco S.

Codex Borgianus

Codex Telleriano-Remensis

Codex Troano

Codex Vaticanus

Cogolludo, D.L. de

Comte, Auguste

Cortes, Hernan

Cox, Sir George W.

Cuoq, J.A.

Cusic, David

Desjardins, E.

D'Orbigny, A.

Duran, Diego

Elder, F.X.

Fischer, Heinrich

Franco, P.

Fuen-Leal, Ramirez de

Gabriel de San Buenaventura

Garcia, G.

Garcia y Garcia, A.

Gatschet, A.S.

Gomara, F.L.

Granados y Galvez, J.J.

Hale, Horatio

Haupt, Paul

Hernandez, Francisco

Hernandez, M.

Herrera, Antonio de

Holguin, D.G.

Humbolt, A.V.

Ixtlilxochitl, F.A. de

Jourdanet, M.

Keary, Charles F.

Kingsborough, Lord

Lalemant, Father

Landa, D. de

Lang, J.D.

Las Casas, B. de

Lazarus, Prof.

Leon, Cieza de

Le Plongeon, Dr.

Lizana, B.

Lord, J.K.

Lubbock, Sir John

Macfie, M.

Mangan, Clarence

Markham, C.R.

Melgar, J.M.

Mendieta, Geronimo de

Mendoza, G.

Molina, Alonso de

Molina, C. de

Montejo, Francisco de

Motolinia, Padre

Motul, Diccionario de

Müller, Max

Nieremberg, E. de

Nobrega, E.

Ollanta, drama of

Olmos, Andre de

Orozco y Berra, Señor

Oviedo, G.F. de

Pachacuti, J. de

Pech, Nakuk

Perrot, Nicholas

Petitot, P.E.

Piedrahita, L.T.

Pimentel, F.

Pinart, A.L.

Pineda, E.

Pio Perez, J.

Popol Vuh, the

Porto Seguro, V. de

Prescott, W.H.

Rau, Charles

Rea, A. de la

Rialle, G. de

Roman, H.

Roskoff, Gustav

Ruiz, A.

Sagard Pére

Sahagun, B. de

Sanchez, Jesus

Santillan, F. de

Schoolcraft, H. R.

Schultz-Sellack, Dr.C.

Schwartz, F.L.W.

Short, J.T.

Simeon, Remi

Simon, P.

Sotomayor, J. de V.

Squier, B. G.

Stephens, J.L.

Strachey, William

Tanner, John

Taylor, S.

Techo, N. de

Ternaux-Compans, M

Tezozomoc, A.

Tiele, C.P.

Tobar, Juan de

Toledo, F. de

Torquemada, Juan de

Trumbull, J.H.

Tschudi, J.J. von

Uricoechea, E.

Valera, Blas

Vega, Garcillaso, de la

Vega, Nuñez de la Veitia

Waitz, Th.

Wiener, C.

Williams, Roger

Xahila, F.E.A.

Zegarra, G.P.

II. INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Abancay, in Peru

Abstract expressions

Acan, Maya god of wine

Acantun, Maya deities

Ages of the world

Ah-kiuic, deity of the Mayas

Ah-puchah, deity of the Mayas

Air, gods of; see Wind

Algonkins, their location

" their hero-myth

Amun, Egyptian deity

Anahuac

Animiki, the thunder god

Arawack language

Ares, the Greek

Arnava, name of Viracocha

Apotampo

Arama, deity of the Moxos

Arrival, the Great and Less

Ataensic, an Iroquois deity

Atahualpa Inca

Atecpanamochco, the bath of Quetzalcoatl

Athabascan myths and languages

Aticsi, epithet of Viracocha

Aurora, myths of; see Dawn

Ayar, Ancca

Ayar Cachi, a name of Viracocha

Ayar Manco

Ayar Uchu

Aymaras, myths of

" language of

Aztecs, location of

Aztecs in Yucatan

Aztlan, meaning of

Bacabs, the four

Baldur, the Norse

Ball, the game of

Bearded hero-god

Belly, the, in symbolism

Bird, symbol of

Bisexual deities

Bochica, hero-god of the Muyscas

Borrowing in myths

Butterfly, the, as a symbol of the wind

Cadmus, the myth of

Cakchiquels, myths of

Camaxtli, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Canas tribe

Canil, a name of Itzamna

Cannook, deity of Dènè

Carapaco, lake of

Carcha, town of

Cardinal points, worship of

Caylla, epithet of Viracocha

Ce Acatl, One Reed, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Ce Acatl Inacuil

Cemi, deity of Arawacks

Chac, deity of the Mayas

Chacamarca, river of

Chac Mool, supposed idol

Chalchihuitl

Chalchiuitlicue, Aztec goddess

Chalchihuitzli, Aztec deity

Chalchiuhapan, the bath of Quetzalcoatl

Chasca, Qquichua deity

Chem, Egyptian deity

Chibchas, see Muyscas

Chibilias, a Maya goddess

Chichen Itza

Chichimees, the

Chickaban, a festival

Chicomecoatl, an Aztec deity

Chicomoztoc

Chimalman

Chimalmatl

Chimizapagua, name of Bochica

Chivim, land of

Chnum, Egyptian deity

Choctaws, myth of

Cholula

Christianity, effects of

Cincalco, Cave of

Cipactli, in Aztec myth

Cipactonal, in Aztec myth

Citlatonac, an Aztec deity

Citlallicue, an Aztec deity

Citlaltlachtli

Coatl, in Nahuatl

Coatecalli, the Aztec Pantheon

Coatlicue, Aztec goddess

Cocoms, the

Colhuacan

Colla, a Peruvian deity

Colors, symbolism of

Con, Peruvian deity

Concacha

Conchuy

Condorcoto, the mountain

Condoy, hero-god of Mixes

Coto, village

Coyote, sacred to Tezcatlipoca

Cozcapan, fountain of

Cozumel, cross of

Cross, the, symbol of

Cuchaviva, goddess of Muyscas

Cueravaperi, goddess of Tarascos

Cuernava, cave of

Cum-ahau, a Maya deity

Curicaberis, deity of Tarascos

Cuzco, founding of

" temple of

Darkness, powers of

Dawn, the mansion of the

" myths of

Dènè, myths of

Drum, the sacred

Dyaus, the Aryan god

Dyonisiac worship, the

East, sacredness of

Echuac, a Maya deity

Egyptian mythology

Europe, carried off by Zeus

Fafnir, the dragon

Fatal children, the myth of

Fire, origin of

Five eggs, the

Flint stone, myths of

Flood myth, the

Four brothers, the myths of

" sacred numbers

" roads to the underworld

Freya, Norse goddess

Frog, as symbol of water

Genesiac principle, worship of

Gijigonai, the day makers

Glittering heath, the

Golden locks of the hero-god

Great Bear, constellation of

Guanacaure, mountain of

Guaranis tribe

Guaymis, tribe of Darien

Guazacoalco

Gucumatz, god of Kiches

Hachaccuna

Hanmachis, the sun-god

Heart, symbol of

Henotheism in religions

Hermaphrodite deities

Hermes, Greek myth of

Hill of Heaven, the

Hobnel, deity of the Mayas

Homonomy

Huanacauri

Huastecs, the

Huarachiri Indians, myth of

Huayna Capac, Inca

Huehuetlan, town of

Huemac, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Hueytecpatl, an Aztec deity

Hue Tlapallan

Hueytonantzin, an Aztec deity

Huitzilopochtli, Aztec deity

birth of

Huitznahna, Aztec deity

Hunchbacks, attendant on Quetzalcoatl

Hunhunahpu, a Kiche deity

Hunpictok, a Maya deity

Hurons, myth of

Hurukan, god of Kiches

Idea of God, evolution of

Illa, name of Viracocha

Incas, empire of

Indra

Ioskeha, the myth of

" derivation of

Iroquois, their location

" hero myth of

Itzamal, city of

Itzamna, the Maya hero god

" his names

Itzas, a Maya tribe

Itztlacoliuhqui, Aztec deity

Ix-chebel-yax, Maya goddess

Ixchel, the rainbow goddess

Ixcuin, an Aztec deity

Izona, error for Itzamna

Iztac Mixcoatl

Jupiter, the planet

Kabironokka, the North

Kabil, a name of Itzamna

Kabun, the West

Kiches, myths of

Kinich ahau, a name of Itzamna

Kinich ahau haban

Kinich kakmo, a name of Itzamna

Kukulcan, myth of

" meaning of name

Languages, sacred, of priests

" American

Laws, native American

Lif, the Teutonic

Light, its place in mythology

Light-god, the

" color of

Light, woman of

Lucifer, worshiped by Mayas

Maize, origin of

Manco Capac

Mani, province of

Marriage ceremonies

Master of life, the

Mat, the virgin goddess

Ma Tlapallan

Mayapan, destruction of

" foundation of

Mayas, myths of

" language

" ancestors of

" prophecies of

Meconetzin, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Meztitlan, province of

Michabo, myth of

" derivation of

Michoacan

Mictlancalco

Mirror, the magic

Mirrors, of Aztecs

Mixcoatl, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Mixes, tribe

Monenequi, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Monotheism in Peru

Moon, in Algonkin myths

" in Aztec myths

Moquequeloa, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Morals and religion

Morning, house of the

Moxos, myths of

Moyocoyatzin, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Muskrat, in Algonkin mythology

Muyscas, myths of

" laws of

Nahuatl, the language

Nanacatltzatzi, an Aztec deity

Nanih Wayeh

Nanihehecatle, name of Quetzalcoatl

Narcissus, the myth of

Nemterequeteba, name of Bochica

Nezahualcoyotzin, Aztec ruler

Nezaualpilli, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Nicaraguans, myths of

Nonoalco

Nuns, houses of

Oaxaca, province of

Occhuc, town

Ocelotl, the

Odin, the Norse

Ojibway dialect, the

" myth

Ometochtli, an Aztec deity

Orelbale, Athabascan, deity

Osiris, the myth of

Otomies

Otosis, in myth building

Ottawas, an Algonkin tribe

Owl, as a symbol of the wind

Oxomuco, in Aztec myth

Pacarina, the, in Peru

Pacari tampu

Pachacamac

Pachayachachi, epithet of Viracocha

Palenque, the cross of

" building of

Pantecatl, Aztec deity

Panuco, province of

Papachtic, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Pariacaca, a Peruvian deity

Paronyms

Parturition, symbol of

Paths of the gods

Pay zume, a hero-god

Perseus

Personification

Peten, lake

Phallic emblems

Phoebus

Pinahua, a Peruvian deity

Pirhua

Pirua

Pochotl son of Quetzalcoatl

Polyonomy in myth building

Prayers, purpose of

" to Quetzalcoatl

" to Viraoocha

Proper names in American languages

Prophecies of Mayas

Prosopopeia

Pulque, myths concerning

QABAUIL, god of Kiches

Qquichua language

Qquonn, Peruvian deity

Quateczizque, priests so-called

Quauhtitlan

Quetzalcoatl

identified with the East

meaning of the name

as god

contest with Tezcatlipoca

the hero of Tula

worshiped in Cholula

born of a virgin

his bath

as the planet Venus

as lord of the winds

god of thieves

representations

Quetzalpetlatl

Ra, the Sun-god

Rabbit, the giant

" in Algonkin myths

" in Aztec myths

Rainbow, as a deity

Rains, gods of

Red Land, the, see Tlapallan

Religions, classifications of

" the essence of

" and morals

Repose, the place of

Reproduction, myths concerning

Resurrection, belief in

Romulus and Remus

Sand, place of

Sarama and Sarameyas, a Sanscrit myth

Serpent symbol, the

Serpents, the king of

Seven brothers, the

" caves or tribes, the

Shawano, the south

Shu, Egyptian deity

Skunk, sacred to Tezcatlipoca

Snailshell symbol

Sogamoso, town

Soma, the intoxicating

Sons of the clouds

Sterility, relief from

Sua, name of Bochica

Sun worship in Peru

" in America

Sun, the city of

Suns, the Aztec

Surites, deity of Tarascos

Tahuantin Suyu kapac

Tampuquiru

Tamu, a hero-god

Tapirs

Tarascos

Taripaca, epithet of Viracocha

Tawiscara, in Iroquois myth

Tecpancaltzin, a Toltec king

Tecpatl, an Aztec deity

Tehotennhiaron, Iroquois deity

Tehunatepec tribes

Teimatini, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Telephassa, mother of Cadmus

Telpochtli, a name of Tezctlipoca

Tentetemic, an Aztec deity

Teocolhuacan

Teometl, the

Texcalapan

Texcaltlauhco

Teyocoyani, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Tezcatlachco

Tezcatlipoca, Aztec deity

his names

derivation of name

as twins

contests with Quetzalcoatl

slays Ometochli

dressed in the tiger skin

Tezcatlipoca-Camaxtli

Tezcuco

Tharonhiawakon, in Iroquois

Thomas, Saint, in America

Thunder, myth of

Tiahuanaco, myth concerning

Ticci, name of Viracocha

Tiger, as a symbol

Titicaca lake

Titlacauan, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Tizapan, the White Land

Tlacauepan

Tlaloc, Aztec deity

Tlalocan

Tlamatzincatl, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Tlanqua-cemilhuique, a name of the Toltecs

Tlapallan

Tlatlallan, the fire land

Tlillan, the dark land

Thllapa, the murky land

Thlpotonqui, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Tocapo, epithet of Viracocha

Toh, a Kiche deity

Tokay, epithet of Viracocha

Tollan, see Tula

Tollan-Cholollan

Tollan Tlapallan

Tollantzinco

Toltecs, the

Tonalan

Tonatlan

Tonaca cihuatl, an Aztec deity

Tonaca tecutli, Aztec deity

Topiltzin, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Toltec, an Aztec deity

Totems, origin of

Toveyo, the

Tree of life, the

Tree of the Mirror

Tualati, myth of

Tukupay, epithet of Viracocha

Tula, the mythical city of

Tum, Egyptian deity

Tume, a hero-god

Tunapa, name of Viracocha

Tupac Yupanqui, Inca

Tupi-Guaranay tribes

Twins, in mythology

Two brothers, myths of

Tzatzitepec, the hill of shouting

Tzendals, hero-myth of

Tzinteotl, Aztec deity

Ttzitzimime, Aztec deities

Uac metun ahau, a name of Itzamna

Ualum chivim

Ualum uotan

Urcos, temple of

Usapu, epithet of Viracocha

Utatlan, province of

Vase, lord of the

Venus, the planet, in myths

Viracocha, myth of

" meaning of

" statues of

" worship of

Virgin cow, the, in Egypt

Virgin-mother, myth of

Virgins of the sun, in Peru

Votan, hero-god of Tzendals

Wabawang, the morning star

Wabun, or the East

Water, in mythology

" gods of

West, in mythology

West wind, the

Wheel of the months

" of the winds

White hero-god, the

" land

" serpent

Winds, gods of

World-stream, the

Xalac

Xbalanque, hero-god of Kiches

Xicapoyan, the bath of Quetzalcoatl

Xilotzin, son of Quetzalcoatl

Xiu, Maya family of

Xmukane, in Kiche myth

Xochitl, the maiden

Xochitlycacan, the rose garden

Xochiquetzal, an Aztec deity

Yacacoliuhqui, Aztec deity

Yacatecutli, Aztec deity

Yahualli ehecatl, a name of Quetzalcoatl

Yalahau, deity of Tzendals

Yale, deity of the Dènè

Yamquesupa, lake of

Yaotlnecoc, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Yaotzin, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Yaqui, derivation of

Yax-coc-ahmut, a name of Itzamna

Yêl, deity of Dènè

Ymamana Viracocha

Yoalli ehecatl, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Yoamaxtli, a name of Tezcatlipoca

Yoel of the winds

Yolcuat Quetzalcoat

Yucatan

Yunca language

Yupanqui, Inca

Zacuan

Zapala, epithet of Viracocha

Zapotecs, tribe

Zeus, the Greek

Zipacna, a Kiche diety

Zitacuarencuaro, a festival

Zivena vitzcatl

Zoques, tribe

Zuhe, name of Bochica

Zume, a hero-god

Zuyva, Tollan in