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1812: Napoleon’s Fatal March on Moscow
Adam Zamoyski
The Sunday Times bestselling account of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and eventual retreat from Moscow, events that had a profound effect on the subsequent course of Russian and European history.The saga of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and catastrophic retreat from Moscow has both fascinated military historians and captured the imagination of millions on an emotional and human level. 1812 tells the story of how the most powerful man on earth met his doom, and how the greatest fighting force ever assembled was wiped out. Over 400,000 French and Allied troops died on the disastrous Russian campaign, with the vast majority of the casualties occuring during the frigid winter retreat. Adam Zamoyski tells their story with incredible detail and sympathy, drawing on a wealth of first-hand accounts of the tragedy to create a vivid portrait of an unimaginable catastrophe.By 1810 Napoleon was master of Europe, defied only by Britain and its naval power. His intention was to destroy Britain through a total blockade, the Continental System. But Tsar Alexander of Russia refused to apply the blockade, and Napoleon decided to bring him to heel.The brutality of the following military campaign and the importance of its ramifications on Russian, French, German and, indeed, European history and culture cannot be understated. Adam Zamoyski’s epic, enthralling narrative is the definitive account of the events of that dramatic year.
1812
Napoleon’s Fatal March on Moscow
ADAM ZAMOYSKI
Maps (#ulink_c9ce72db-22f4-5fb4-bf83-08e74a601e38)
Europe in 1811
Russia’s expansion in the west, 1772–1812
The Russian Armies of the West
French and Russian dispositions in June 1812
The French advance
The advance to Vitebsk
The Rudnia offensive and Napoleon’s Smolensk manoeuvre
The battle for Smolensk
Lubino – Valutina Gora
The Russian positions at Borodino
Borodino. The morning attacks
Borodino. The final assault
Kutuzov’s retreat from Moscow
Maloyaroslavets
The retreat
The view from Smolensk
Krasny, 15–16 November
Krasny, 16 November
Krasny, 17–19 November
The closing trap, 21 November
The Berezina manoeuvre
The Berezina crossing
The strategic situation at the beginning of December
Statistical chart showing the outward march and retreat of all the forces which crossed the Niemen
Contents
Cover (#u58937b19-e996-5216-b160-7f375c7d414d)
Title Page (#u008b6f79-a534-5aea-82e4-072c660743b5)
Maps (#ubcaf3e53-0b2e-5471-aafb-95d1fe82d806)
Select Glossary of Place-Names in the Former Polish Lands of the Russian Empire (#u49a86e2a-1ec1-546d-bbc0-44d21a3c24c5)
Introductory Note (#u1cc4bdae-23ad-55c5-93aa-792769db641b)
1 Caesar (#udc05443d-581e-5fd1-8ad3-9be9baa71efe)
2 Alexander (#u6640ace8-4f68-5ade-9056-ba84bc2128ec)
3 The Soul of Europe (#u3d53f804-ca35-5a8c-adc4-b0f42768fa84)
4 The Drift to War (#u0645cc10-0a4d-5246-8841-a55cc1b02588)
5 La Grande Armée (#u1e6e4fa3-d6ee-543f-8ad3-10019fbeb4eb)
6 Confrontation (#ue59367c4-6bb7-5c5b-8e5a-6b89cbf23d1c)
7 The Rubicon (#u8e9d557b-3373-5ea3-9731-ad225103646d)
8 Vilna (#u2db45cb7-5085-530e-9625-8a5762373e90)
9 Courteous War (#ucbc3eb80-deda-5e62-ba96-5f232d796652)
10 The Heart of Russia (#ua024afc0-0c09-5ed0-9205-f7ab5260eaf3)
11 Total War (#u19cd37a5-058d-5a99-9c72-f7f2e36b6eac)
12 Kutuzov (#uf5f524ba-7794-5b3b-b8a3-3e363bf2d2c3)
13 The Battle for Moscow (#u2f212968-6abb-58d5-b189-630954edda4c)
14 Hollow Triumph (#ubcf18db8-22a8-571d-990e-289cc7883aa7)
15 Stalemate (#uc4afd4aa-5fc9-540d-bc16-7b64b65396a2)
16 The Distractions of Moscow (#ubc8380d7-6761-56b4-9e6d-90cf7dc1c3b3)
17 The March to Nowhere (#ua26756d8-be08-5258-9bbd-a629980bf2cd)
18 Retreat (#u69cbb103-29df-5aca-8746-146b502a246f)
19 The Mirage of Smolensk (#uaec16932-3dea-5258-90fd-74c1206502be)
20 The End of the Army of Moscow (#u4ba952cd-f2ee-5cb9-b987-2ff0c146ebd4)
21 The Berezina (#u7468ddea-4c74-51e6-923e-00ef482aee5b)
22 Empire of Death (#u52aacbb1-63c1-5c9b-863a-c68f355b1694)
23 The End of the Road (#u24490202-0d1d-5793-9202-75e1443b177a)
24 His Majesty’s Health (#u2cadb794-b8da-5e00-880e-b7ebc850d050)
25 The Legend (#u5548a18a-5c1f-571e-8ade-79b29b7b9857)
Plates (#uc8c5af5b-b3e5-531d-9f0a-0d5c85b17bde)
Notes (#ucbf18d3f-280e-56cc-a22b-bd9a833cde4b)
Sources (#u4ad92620-c615-5547-bb35-d82937910d46)
Index (#u3e42832c-9e46-5f91-8756-1554963467db)
About the Author (#u810c4645-055d-52e4-909c-6ffd54f543d0)
Reviews (#u4d7a850b-73a1-5ef8-b2e1-44000fa9f206)
Praise (#u56b06f5f-52e5-5e1a-8432-6f811c0fcdef)
By the Same Author (#u9fd35e45-470a-5bd9-aff6-162d0d16db92)
Copyright (#uf7a1a423-cc25-57ce-bd60-77b9e1dac7f8)
About the Publisher (#u11513175-f920-5af7-afbb-efbf0ad07717)
Select Glossary of Place-Names in the Former Polish Lands of the Russian Empire (#ulink_e4ac7545-edc8-51c9-ae18-b97349f11970)
Babinovitse: Babinowicze (Polish), present-day Babinavicy (Belarus)
Berezina: Berezyna (Polish), present-day Bjarezina (Belarus)
Beshenkoviche: Bieszenkowicze (Polish), present-day
Bešankovicy (Belarus)
Bobr: Bóbr (Polish), present-day Bobr (Belarus)
Borisov: Borysów (Polish), present-day Barysau (Belarus)
Brest: Brzesc (Polish), present-day Brést (Belarus)
Dnieper: Dniepr (Polish), present-day Dnjapro (Belarus)
Drissa: Dryssa (Polish), present-day Verhnjadzvinsk (Belarus)
Dubrovna: Dubrowna (Polish), present-day Dubrovno (Belarus)
Dunaburg: Dzwinsk (Polish), present-day Daugavpils (Latvia)
Glubokoie: Głebokie (Polish), present-day Glybokae (Belarus)
Grodno: Grodno (Polish), Grodna (Belarus)
Kobryn: Kobryn (Polish), present-day Kobryn (Belarus)
Kovno: Kowno (Polish), present-day Kaunas (Lithuania)
Ladi: Lady (Polish), present-day Liadi (Belarus)
Loshnitsa: Łosznica (Polish), present-day Lošnica (Belarus)
Miedniki: Miedniki (Polish), present-day Medininkai (Lithuania)
Minsk: Minsk (Polish), present-day Minsk (Belarus)
Mogilev: Mohylów (Polish), present-day Magilev (Belarus)
Molodechno: Mołodeczno (Polish), present-day Maladzecna (Belarus)
Mstislav: Mscislaw (Polish), present-day Mscislav (Belarus)
Niemen (river): Niemen (Polish), present-day Nemunas (Lithuania)
Nieshviezh: Nieswiez (Polish), present-day Njasviž (Belarus)
Orsha: Orsza (Polish), present-day Orša (Belarus)
Oshmiana: Oszmiana (Polish), present-day Ašmjany (Belarus)
Ostrovno: Ostrowno (Polish), present-day Astrovna (Belarus)
Pleshchenitse: Pleszczenice (Polish), present-day Plescanicy (Belarus)
