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Abantu Base-Afrika
Андрей Тихомиров
Abantu basezwekazini Lase-Afrika bahlukahlukene kakhulu kokubili ebudlelwaneni bolimi, bezenhlalo nezomnotho kanye namasiko. Izilimi zabantu Base-Afrika zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu alandelayo: 1) Amasemite Namahamitic; 2) amaqembu ezilimi amaningi ahlala endaweni esuka entshonalanga yesahara kuya phezulu Kwenayile futhi ngaphambili ayehlukaniswa njengeqembu "Lasesudan"; imisebenzi yakamuva yezazi zezilimi isungule ukuthi lezi zilimi azibonisi ukusondelana okukhethekile komunye nomunye, futhi ezinye zazo ziseduze nezilimi Zamabantu; 3) Amabantu eningizimu yezwekazi; 4) iqembu elincane lamabantu ikoi-San eningizimu afrika; 5) abantu basesiqhingini Sasemadagascar, ulimi lwabo olungolweqembu Lamamalayo-Polynesia; 6) amakoloni Aseyurophu kanye nenzalo yawo.
Андрей Тихомиров
Abantu Base-Afrika
Ngokwenye inguqulo, igama elithi "Afrika" livela egameni lesizwe Samaberber sase-Afrigia, esasihlala enyakatho yezwekazi Lase-Afrika, kwakukhona nesifundazwe Saseroma E-Afrika. Isifundazwe Saseroma I-Afrika sakhiwa Yiroma NGO-146 bc endaweni yombuso Wasecarthage, eyayihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga Yetunisia yanamuhla. Ngesikhathi Sombuso, I-Afrika yayingaphansi kwezifundazwe zesenate futhi yayibuswa umbusi. Inkathi yombuso ibonakala ngokuchuma kwesimiso sasemadolobheni. Amadolobha athola amalungelo amakoloni nomasipala. Izigaba ezazibusa emadolobheni kwakungabakholoni Abangamaroma kanye nabantu abavelele bendawo Ababenamaroma. Ngokwesiko, Phakathi Nombuso, isifundazwe Sase-Afrika sasidlala indima enkulu. Nokho, abantu bomdabu basemaphandleni bahlala bengajwayelekile olimini lwesilatini nasemasikweni Amaroma. Ngekhulu lesi – 4 kuya kwelesi-5 . yaba indawo yokuvukela okukhulu kwezigqila nabakholoni, okwabuthaka Kakhulu Umbuso Waseroma futhi kwaba nengxenye ekuweni kwawo. Ngekhulu lesi-5. Ama-Vandal ahlala e-Afrika. Ekhulwini lesi-6, umbusi Wasebyzantium Ujustinian wakwazi ukubuyisa ugu, kodwa amandla Asebyzantium ayebuthakathaka. Ngekhulu lesi-7 . Isifundazwe Sase-Afrika sanqotshwa Ama-Arabhu.
Enyakatho Afrika, emuva enkulungwaneni yokuqala B. c., kwakunamazwe amaningana azimele: Icarthage, eyasungulwa abantu basefenike ababekhuluma ulimi Lwamasemite olusondelene nesiheberu, Imauritania nenumidia, olwakhiwa Amalibya. Ngemva kokunqotshwa Kwecarthage Amaroma NGO-146 bc, la mazwe, ngemva kokulwa ngenkani, aba impahla Yamaroma. Emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi kwenkathi entsha, kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi wezigaba endaweni yasetopiya yanamuhla. Elinye lamazwe akhiwa lapha-I-Aksum-lafinyelela umvuthwandaba walo ngekhulu lesi-4 ad . E., lapho impahla yakhe entshonalanga ifinyelela ezweni Lasemeroe Esigodini Sasenayile, nasempumalanga – "I-Arabia Ejabulisayo" (Iyemen yanamuhla). Eminyakeni EYINKULUNGWANE YESIBILI A. d., kwakhiwa amazwe anamandla Entshonalanga Yesudan (Eghana, Emali, Esonghai Nasebornu); kamuva kwakhiwa amazwe ogwini Lwaseguinea (E-Ashanti, Edahomey, Econgo, njll.), entshonalanga Yelake chad (izifundazwe zabantu Basehausa) nakwezinye izindawo eziningi zezwekazi Lase-Afrika.
Izilimi zabantu Base-Afrika Eshisayo abahlala eningizimu yomkhaya Wamasemite Namahamite manje ngokuvamile zihlanganiswa zibe imikhaya emibili: Iniger (Congo) Ikordofan Nenilo-sahara. Iqembu Laseniger-congo-kordofan lihlanganisa iqembu Laseniger-congo – amaqembu amaningi futhi ahlanganisa: Iwestern Atlantic, Imande, Ivolta, Ikva, Ibenue-congo Ne-Adamaua-eastern. Abantu Basentshonalanga Ye-Atlantic bahlanganisa amafulbe parod amakhulu, ahlala ngamaqembu ahlukene cishe kuwo wonke amazwe Asentshonalanga nasenkabeni Yesudan, Amawolof namaserer (Esenegal), njll. Abantu Basemande (Mapdinka, Bamana, sonike, su su, mende, njll.)) bahlala ezindaweni eziphezulu Zemifula Isene-gala Neniger (Iguinea, Imali, njll.), abantu Basevolta (Umoi, Ulobi, Ubobo, Usenufo, njll.) Eburkina faso, Eghana nakwamanye amazwe. Abantu abangamakwa bahlanganisa abantu abakhulu abasogwini Lwaseguinea njengamayoruba Nama-Ibo (Enigeria), Ama-Akan (Eghana) Nama-ewe (Ebenin Nasetogo); Amafon ahlala eningizimu futhi ngezinye izikhathi abizwa Ngokuthi Amadahomean aseduze Nama-ewe; abantu abakhuluma izilimi (noma izilimi) Zamakru bathatha indawo ehlukanisiwe. Laba Bangamabakwe, Amagrebo, Amacrane nabanye abantu abahlala Eliberia Nase-Ivory Coast. Iqembu elincane lasebenuecongo lakhiwa abantu abaningi ababekade behlukaniswa njengomndeni okhethekile Wamabantu kanye neqembu Lamabantoid Asempumalanga. Abantu abangamabantu, abafana kakhulu ngokwezilimi nangamasiko, bahlala emazweni Ase-Afrika Ephakathi nasempumalanga Naseningizimu (Idemocratic Republic Of The congo (eyayikade Iyizaire), I-Angola, Itanzania, Imozambique, Izimbabwe, Iningizimu Afrika, njll.). Izazi zezilimi zamabantu zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu angu – 15: 1st-Douala, Lupdu, fang njll.; 2nd —teke, mpongwe, kele; 3 – bangui, pgala, mongo, tetela; 4th – rwanda, rundi; 5th – ganda, luhya, kikuyu, kamba; 6th-nyamwezi, nyaturu; 7th – Swahili, togo, hehe; 8th – congo, ambundu; 9th-i am chokwe, luena; 10th-luba; 11th-bemba, ufipa, etonga; 12th – malawi 13th —yao, makonde, Makua; 14th – ovimbundu, ambo, herero; 15th – shona, Suto, zulu, xosa, Swazi Nabanye .
Izilimi zamabantu nazo zikhulunywa amaqembu Amapygmy asecongo basin (Efe, Basu a, bambuti, njll.), ngokuvamile abahlukaniswa njengabantu abahlukene. Phakathi kwamabantu asempumalanga naphakathi, ulimi Lwesiswahili selusakazeke kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva, okuye kwaba nethonya elibonakalayo lesi-arabhu, inani labantu abakhuluma lona liyizigidi ezingama-60 (abantu baseswahili bayisigidi esingu-1.9). Iqembu elincane Lase-Adamaua-eastern lihlanganisa U-Azande, ucham-ba, Ubanda, nabanye abahlala Enkabeni nasempumalanga Yesudan.
Iqembu Lamakordofan, elincane kakhulu futhi elisendaweni elihlala kuyo, lihlanganisa abantu Basekoalib, Tumtum, Tegali, Talodi Nasekatla (Republic of Sudan),
Umndeni Wakwanilo – sahara umelwe ngamaqembu: Isonghai, Isahara, Ishari-nile, kanye nabantu ababili abahlukene ngezilimi Imaba Nefor (Uboya). Amasonghai ahlanganisa Amasonghai uqobo, kanye Namadjerma namadandy ahlala ogwini lweniger ephakathi; iqembu Lasesahara lihlanganisa Amakanuri, Amatuba (amatibbu) Namazaghawa, ahlala ogwini Lwelake chad Nasenkabeni Yesahara. Iqembu elibaluleke kakhulu Lamashari-nile kulo mndeni lihlanganisa abantu Basempumalanga Sudan (Amadinka, Amapuer, Amaluo, Amabari, Amalotuko, Amamaasai, Amanuba, noma Amanubi, njll.), ababekade befakwa emndenini ozimele Wasenilotic; Abantu basesudan ephakathi (Amabagirmi, Amamorumadi), amaberta Namakunama. Abantu baleli qembu bahlala enyakatho Yezaire naseningizimu Yesudan. Izilimi Zasemorumadi zikhulunywa izizwe Zamapygmy (Efe, Basua, njll.).
