скачать книгу бесплатно
2. B. V. Bondarev, Course of General Physics. In 3 books. Book. 2: Electromagnetism, optics, quantum physics: Textbook / B. V. Bondarev, N. P. Kalashnikov, G. G. Spirin. – Lyubertsy: Yurayt, 2015. – 441 p.
3. B. V. Bondarev, Course of General Physics. Book 2: Electromagnetism, optics, quantum physics: Textbook for bachelors / B. V. Bondarev, N. P. Kalashnikov, G. G. Spirin. – Lyubertsy: Yurait, 2016. – 441 p.
4. B. V. Bondarev, Course of General Physics. In 3 books. Book. 2. Electromagnetism. Wave optics. Quantum physics / B. V. Bondarev. – M .: Higher School, 2005. – 438 p.
5. Boyarkin, O. M. Particle Physics – 2013: From the electron to the Higgs boson. Quantum theory of free fields / O. M. Boyarkin, G. G. Boyarkina. – M.: Lenand, 2016. – 296 p.
6. Boyarkin, O. M. Particle Physics – 2013: Quantum electrodynamics and the Standard Model / O. M. Boyarkin, G. G. Boyarkina. – M.: KD Librocom, 2015. – 440 p.
7. Boyarkin, O. M. Particle Physics – 2013: From the electron to the Higgs boson. Quantum theory of free fields / O. M. Boyarkin, G. G. Boyarkina. – M.: Lenand, 2018. – 296 p.
8. Boyarkin, O. M. Particle Physics – 2013: Quantum electrodynamics and the Standard Model / O. M. Boyarkin, G. G. Boyarkina. – M.: KD Librokom, 2016. – 440 p.
9. Voronov, VK Physics at the turn of the millennium: Physics of self-organizing and ordered systems. New objects of atomic and nuclear physics. Quantum information / V. K. Voronov, A. V. Podoplelov. – M.: KomKniga, 2014. – 512 p.
10. Gribbin, J. In Search of Schr?dinger's Cat. Quantum physics and reality / J. Gribbin. – M.: Ripol-classic, 2019. – 352 p.
11. Zhuravlev, A. I. Quantum biophysics of animals and humans: Textbook / A. I. Zhuravlev. – M.: Binom. Knowledge Laboratory, 2011. – 398 p.
12. Irodov, I. E. Quantum Physics. Basic Laws: Textbook / I. E. Herodov. – M.: Binom, 2014. – 256 p.
13. Irodov, I. E. Quantum Physics. Basic Laws: Textbook / I. E. Herodov. – M.: Binom. Knowledge Laboratory, 2010. – 256 p.
14. Irodov, I. E. Quantum Physics. Basic Laws: Textbook / I. E. Herodov. – M.: Binom. Knowledge Laboratory, 2004. – 272 p.
15. Irodov, I. E. Quantum Physics. Basic laws / I. E. Herodov. – M.: Binom. Knowledge Laboratory, 2010. – 256 p.
16. Irodov, I. E. Quantum Physics. Basic Laws: Textbook for High Schools / I. E. Herodov. – M.: Binom. LZ, 2013. – 256 p.
17. Kamalov, T. F. Physics of non-inertial reference systems and quantum mechanics / T. F. Kamalov. – M.: KD Librokom, 2017. – 116 p.
18. M. V. Karmanov, Course of General Physics. T.3. quantum optics. Atomic physics. Solid State Physics In 4 vols. T: 3 / M. V. Karmanov. – M.: KnoRus, 2012. – 384 p.
19. Kvasnikov, I. A. Thermodynamics and statistical physics. V. 4. Quantum statistics: Textbook / I. A. Kvasnikov. – M .: KomKniga, 2010. – 352 p.
20. Kvasnikov, I. A. Thermodynamics and statistical physics: V.4: Quantum statistics / I. A. Kvasnikov. – M.: Lenand, 2017. – 352 p.
21. Kvasnikov, I. A. Thermodynamics and statistical physics. V. 4: Quantum statistics / I. A. Kvasnikov. – M.: KomKniga, 2014. – 352 p.
22. Kvasnikov, I. A. Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Quantum statistics / I. A. Kvasnikov. – M .: KomKniga, 2010. – 352 p.
23. A. S. Kingsep, Fundamentals of Physics. General course. physics in 2 volumes. Volume 2. Quantum and statistical physics: Textbook for universities. / A. S. Kingsep, Yu. M. Tsipenyuk. – M.: Fizmatlit, 2007. – 608 p.
24. Landau, L. Theoretical physics. In 10 vols. V. 4. Quantum electrodynamics / L. Landau, E. Lifshits. – M.: Fizmatlit, 2006. – 720 p.
25. Landau, L. D. Theoretical physics: Textbook for universities in 10 volumes. Volume 4 Quantum electrodynamics / L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshits. – M.: Fizmatlit, 2006. – 720 p.
26. Landau, L. D. Theoretical Physics. In 10 vols. V. 3. Quantum mechanics (nonrelativistic theory) / L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshits. – M.: Fizmatlit, 2016. – 800 p.
27. Landau, L. D. Theoretical physics in 10 volumes. v.4. Quantum electrodynamics. / L. D. Landau, E. M. Livshits. – M.: Fizmatlit, 2006. – 720 p.
AUTOMOTIVE GLASS HEATING SYSTEMS IN TERMINAL SOLDERING TECHNOLOGY NODE
Abdurakhmanov Sultanali Mukaramovich
Candidate of physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department " electronics and instrumentation "of the Faculty of computer systems of engineering of the Polytechnic Institute of Fergana
Saitov Shavkatjon Samiddin ugli
Candidate of physical and Mathematical Sciences, senior lecturer of the Department" electronics and instrumentation «of the Faculty of computer systems of engineering of the Polytechnic Institute of Fergana
Аннотация: Маколада автомабил ойналари исситиш тизимига металл контакт (терминал) ларни кваширлаш технологияларини ишлаб чикишда олиб борилган илмий тадкикотлар тахлили ёритилган. Илмий тахлил олиб боришда металл терминалларни но металл материалларга кавширлаш жараёнида таъсир этувчи хар бир омил атрофлича тахлил этилган. Тахлил асосида ишлаб чикилган умумий хулоса келтирилган.
Калит иборалар: контакт, терминал, кавширлаш, флюс, температура интервали, кушимча материаллар, юзалар муносабати.
Аннотация: В статье представлен анализ научных исследований, проведенных в области разработки технологий пайки металлических контактов (клемм) к системе обогрева стекол автомобиля. В ходе научного анализа был тщательно проанализирован каждый фактор, влияющий на процесс припайки металлических клемм к неметаллическим материалам. Представляется общий вывод, выработанный на основе анализа.
Ключевые слова: контакт, клемма, пайка, флюс, диапазон температур, дополнительные материалы, отношение поверхностей.
Abstract: The article presents an analysis of scientific research carried out in the field of developing technologies for soldering metal contacts (terminals) to a car window heating system. Through scientific analysis, every factor that affects the process of soldering metal terminals to non-metallic materials has been carefully analyzed. A general conclusion based on the analysis is presented.
Key words: contact, terminal, soldering, flux, temperature range, additional materials, surface ratio.
Avtovil oynalarini isitish tizimlarini tashkil etish masalasi judah kup ilmiy patentlarda urganilgan va masalani echimini kursatish buicha ihtirolar elon kilingan. Oynalarga elektr utkazuvchi elektrodlarni (kontaktlarni) kavshirlash bujicha ochik manbalarda mamotlar elon kilinmagan. Buning asosiy sababi technologiyalarni sir saklash bulgan. Automobile sanoatida har kandai technology muhim ahamiyatni kasb etadi. Dune automobile companyari automobile company kullaniladigan technologiyalarni yaratish, takomilashtirish bujicha ilmiy izlanishlarga judah katta mablaglarni sarf etadilar. Bu esa sohadagi olib borilaetgan ilmiy izlanishlar natijalarini ochik ilmiy journalarda chop etishni imkoniyatini bermaidi. Avtovil sozlikdagi har bir ilmiy izlanish natijalarini patentlash maksadida tadkikotchilar natijalarni fakat dune ilmiy jamiyati tan olgan patenlash markazlarida ruihatga oldirganlar. Shuning uchun tanlangan mavzuni umumiy takhlilini tayerlashda asosi etiborni ilmiy patnentlarda elon kilingan materiallarga karatamiz.
Avtovil oynalarini elektr yerdamida kizdirish tizimini tashkil etish uchun kuidagi yunalishlar buicha ilmiy tadkikotlarni takhlil etish lozim:
– metal bulmagan materiallarga utkazgich metal tarkibli kontaktlarni (terminalni) kavshirlash technologiyasi;
– but metal materiallarga kavshirlashda kavshirlash kushimcha materiallarni optimal kimeviy tarkibini aniklash;
– kavshirlash kushimcha materialarini kavshirlash zharaenidagi mikdorini belgilash;
– terminalni kavshirlashda optimal temperature mode and aniklash;
– kavshirlanadigan asosni technologik optimal holatini aniklash;
– kavshirlash operatiasini amalga oshirishni automatlashtirilgan tizimini takhlili.
Automobile orca review oynasini sovuk about havo sharoitida malum temperaturada ushlab turish uchun mahsus technologiyalar talab ethiladi. Bu technologiyalaridan asosiy keng kullanilaetgan varyanti oynani elektr isitish tizimi bilan kizdirish bulib kolmokda. Oynalarni kizitish tizimini schematik kuidagicha ifodalash mumkin.
Shartli schemadan kurinib turibdiki, avtovil oynasini kizdirib turish uchun avtomovil oynasiga mahsus kumush aralashtirilgan buek yerdamida elektr utkazuvchi tur tashkent etyladi. Buoy automatlashtirilgan kurilma yerdamida tashkent ethlib, pechda kuritiladi. Utkazuvchan turni taskil etish tizimini technologiyasi yahshi taskil ethylgan va urganilib chikilgan. Tanlangan mavzuni asosi etibori utkazgich turga elektr tokini ulanishini tashkil etishga karatilgan elektr elektrodni (terminalni) kavshirlashga karatilgan.
Automobile oilarini ishlab chikishda mahsulotlarni standardlashtirish va universalligini ta'minlash maksadida terminallarni standard ulchamli shakillari kullanilmokda.
Keltirilgan terminal formasi va ulchami anik standardlarda bulib, deyarly barcha motor oilari isitish tizimida kullaniladi.
Metal terminal 1 ikki kismga bylinadi, 11-kismi L-shaklidagi vertical kismga ega va boshka kism bilan aloka kiladi 12. 11-kism shisha taglikka parallel ravishda 111-kismni birlashtiruvchi plate ega (kyrsatil magan), va 111-gachasi boglovchi kismning 12-bimining boshka kismining en chetidan 111-gachasi perpendicular yynalishda chyzilgan vertical kism 112. Vertical kism 112 boshka kismning 12 tomonidagi sirtda boshka kism 12 bilan aloka kiladi. Birlashtiruvchi kism 111 shisha taglikka kagan tomondan le?imlash orkali ushbu shisha taglikka ulangan birlashtiruvchi sirte 113 ha ega.
Bundan tashkari, boshka kism 12 shisha pogona bilan ?osil kilingan pogonali kismga 124 ega va pogonali kism 124 shisha taglikka kagan tomondan le?imlash orkali shisha taglikka epishtirilgan. 123. Bundan tashkari, birlashtiruvchi kism 121 boshka uchida birlashtiruvchi kismga 121 perpendicular yynalishda chetidan chyzilgan vertical kism 122 va vertical kismning ohirida birlashtiruvchi kism 121 ga sezilarly darazhada parallel ravishda chyzilgan chizikka ega.. 122. Yassi kism 125 kengaitirilgan. Vertical kism 122 11-kismning vertical kism 112. Yani 11-kismning vertical kismi 121 va boshka kismning 12-vertical kismi 122 bir-biriga tegib turadi.
Terminalni oina sirtiga elektr kontakti sifatida kavshirlanganda oina va kashirlash kushimcha materialarini issyklikdan kengayish koieficienti turlicha bulganligi sababli kontakt vakt utishi bilan kucishi mumkin. Bu kamchilikni tuzatishni usullaridan biri kavshirlash materialarini tarkibini tadkikotlar asosida tugri tanlashdir.
Tadkikotlarni natijalaridan maylumki, kavshirlash sifati (degrodatsiyasiga) kullaniladigan flux tartibi va tarkibiga ham boglik. Flux bilan kaita ishlangan maidon 3 dan 20:1 nisbat munosabatida bulishi kerak. Bundan tashkent kavshrlashdan oldin surtilgan flux kavshirlashdan keyin tozalab tashlanmaidi. Kavshirlash natijalarini samaradorligiga kullanilaetgan flux tarkibiga ham boglik.
Kupchilik tadkikotlarni kursatisic kavshirlash kushimcha materiali sirt zichligi mikdori 0.18 dan 1.43 g/cm 2 oralikda yahshi natija beradi. Oina sirtiga terminalni kavshirlash temperaturasi 20-200°From oralikda buladi.
Yahshi natija bergan tadkikotlarda kavshirlash kushimcha materiali Sn-Zn (kalai-rukh) tarkibda Zn ulisha mass 8% ni tashkil etadi.
Misol uchun Sn-Zn soldering iron temperaturasi 260° C eki 320° C bulganda sifatli kavshirlash amalga oshadi. Metal chikish (electrode) 1 mis eki latun elementni oz ichiga oladi. Kavshirlash kushimcha materialini 113 va 123 sirtlarda sirt zichligi 1,18 g/cm 2 ni tashkil etadi.
Kavshirlash technolgiyasini oinaga tasirini aniklash maksadida mahsus ketma ketlikda tazhribadar utkazilgan.
Issyklik davri sinovi ?ar bir namuna uchun tsiklni takrorlash orkali amalga oshirildi, u 30 daka davomida -30° C da saklangan va keyin bir cycle sifatida 30 daka davomida 80° C da saklanadi. Bundan tashkari, tsiklni takrorlash zharaenida shisha taglikdagi yeriklar paydo bylishi bevosita kyz bilan kuzatilgan va yeriklar paydo bylishini kuzatishda yeriklar paydo bylishidan oldin takrorlangan tsiklar sonisoblangan.
2-zhadvalda ushbu ihtironing kavshirlash usuli bilan ishlab chikarilgan namunalar (misollar) va kiesiy misollar uchun isitish davri sinovining natijalari kyrsatilgan. Issyklik davrlari sony 300 dan kam bilgan va shisha tagida yeriklar paido bilgan ?olat "X" bilan, thermal davrlar sony 300 va undan kyp bilgan ?olat "?" bilan kyrsatilgan.
2-zhadvaldan kirinib turibdiki, metal kyrgoshin materiali electrodi latun bilgan kiyoshi misolda, soldering ironing ?arorati 310° C eki 260° C, flux maidoni nisbati 3 dan kam. Birlik uchun kavshirlash kushimcha materiali sirte zichligi 0,14 dan 1,18 g/cm 2 oraligida bilsa, barcha namunalar thermal cyclda 300 martadan kichik bulgan holdayek yerlib ketgan.
Ikkinchi tomondan, metal metal chikish electrodi latun bilgan namunadagi misolda, payalnikning ?arorati 260° C eki 320° C, birlik maidoni uchun kotishma sirte zichligi 1,18 g / cm2, flux maidoni. 4,5, 18 va 20 nisbatlaring ?ar kandayida thermal davrlar sony 300 martadan oshdi va ma?sulot mukammal sifatga ega ekanligi tasdiklandi. Ainiksa, flux maidoni nisbati 20 ga teng bulgan namunali misolda, shisha taglik 3000 With eki undan ortik isitish davrlaridan keyin ?am yerlib ketmaydi va sifati judah yahshi.
Hulosa. Keltirib utilgan takhlilii materiallardan hulosalash mumkinki, avtolarni oynalarini elektr energiyasi orkali kizdirish tizimini tashkil etish buyicha judah kup ilmiy izlanishlar olib borilgan. Bu ilmiy izlanish natijalari fakat ilmiy patentlar orkali mualliflashtirilgan. Ilmiy natijalar ochik ilmiy journalarda elon kilnmagan. Buning sababi, tadkikotlar mavzulari avtovil sanoatiga talukligi va mavzularni fakat hizmat foidalanishi ("chipboard" for service use) grifida bulganligidir.
Ilmiy tadkikotlar takhlili kursatadiki, metal kontaktlarni (terminallarni) but metal materiallarga kavshirlashda anik technologik talablarga etibor karatish lozim. Birinchi navbatda kavshirlash kushimcha materiali tarkibi keltiribulgan tarkibda bulishi, ikkinchidan kavshirlashda kavshirlash maidonini flux bilan kaita ishlash maidoni kashirlash maidonidan kamida 3 marotaba katta bulishi, uchinchidan kavshirlashni anik temperature intervalida amalga oshirilishi kerak.
Literature
1. EP1688284A2 *2005-02-042006-08-09OOO "Automotive Components Holdings"The method of manufacturing a heated windshield
2. JP2009504411A *2005-08-122009-02-05Состав solder
3. WO2012096373A1 *2011-01-142012-07-19ОконОкон Window glass for vehicles and the method of its manufacture
4. US20070037004A1 *2005-08-122007-02-15corporation Antaya technologiimnogolayny solder
5. DE102006019998A1 *2006-04-262007-10-31Few Fahrzeugelektrik Werk Gmbh & Co. The device for soldering contacts on a silver impression of automobile glass contains a base frame, a coordinate table opposite to the frame, and a layer of glass adjusted according to the mass and curvature of the individual glass of the car.
6. EP2408260A1 *2010-07-132012-01-18Saint-Gobain Glass French Glass panel with electrical connection element
7. HU052512T2 *2011-07-042021-05-28Sen-Goben for the manufacture of glass with an electric connecting element
8. WO2019108006A12017-11-302019-06- 06Saint-Gobain Glass Francia device for soldering the terminals on the car window glass and the method of soldering it
9. JP2020015080A *2018-07-272020-01-30 A soldering device
10. CN108356377A *2018-05-152018-08-03 A method for processing the appearance of a lead-acid battery terminal and tools for performing this method.
11. WO2020162354A1 *2019-02-082020-08-13 The glass plate module
12. US10105794B22018-10-23 Method of forming a composition of lead-free solder
13. JP6106801B22017-04-05 Soldering method and automotive glass
14. TV201615854A2016-05-01 Low-temperature high-reliability alloy for solder hierarchy
15. WO2012118203A12012-09-07 for connecting the car window glass to the power supply terminal
16. JP4957246B220.06.2012 Car Window glass
17. JP2016536145A2016-11-24 Bonding with aluminum
18. WO2014021308A12014-02-06 Metal bonding strip and soldering method using it
19. JPH10193169A1998-07-28 Lead-free solder
20. TV202108280A2021-03-01 Flux and solder paste
21. JPH1133776A1999-02-09 Soldering material and electronic part with its use
22. JP3782743B22006-06-07 Solder composition, soldering method and electronic component
23. CA1245475A1988-11-29 Solder compositions, fluxes and methods of application
24. JPH09277082A1997-10-28 Solder paste
25. WO2020031361A12020-02-13 Lead-free solder, solder paste, electronic circuit substrate and electronic control device
26. WO2014142153A12014-09-18pipe and its connection
27. WO2019098169A12019-05-23 Flux, flux core solder and flux coated granules
28. JP7181964B22022-12-01Conducting composition containing solder and a method for manufacturing an electronic substrate
29. JP7137212B22022-09-14 FLUX, SOLDER COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF CONNECTION MANUFACTURE
30. RU2451587C12012-05-27 Solder for soldering aluminum and its alloys
31. WO2007003692A12007-01-11 Method of preparing solder suitable for joining two metal parts, solder and solder use
32. KR101865727B12018-06-08B Lead-free solder
33. US20100147929A12010-06-17 – Metal compounds
34. JP2014146713A2014-08-14 Solder material and soldering method
35. JP2014034050A2014-02-24 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING METAL COUPLING AND TERMINAL BOARD Cu
36. JP2016505312A2014-02-282015-02- 27 Soldering method and car glass
