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Secrets Of The Rubicon
Ivo Ragazzini
Once there was a time when Romagna was named Flaminia and the Rubicon was not only a river. When in 49 BCE Julius Caesar arrived he found waiting for him a wooden palisade coloured ruby red where he deployed his legions for several months on that border defended by the legionaries of Pompeo.
But who and for what reason was it built, even before Caesar was born, a red line of defence built even to the sea and what would Caesar and his legions do to breach it?
Born out of the historical events that have never before been seen, this book will lead you to discover for the first time what the Rubicon really was, what did the legionaries of Caesar do when they decided to attack Rom and many other unpublished news that you never even suspected and will lead, step by step, to discover for the first time: • What was the Rubicon really? • Who and for what reason was it constructed even before the birth of Caesar? • Why have historians never been able to agree about where the Rubicon was? • What plans and strategies did Caesar employ to cross it? • And Pompeo’s legions in its defence? • Had someone made a curse against whoever dared to cross it armed? • Did Caesar and his legions had nightmare from the ‘Malanotte’ before crossing it? • What was Romagna and what did it symbolise in the time of Caesar? • What was the festival of ‘New Years’ that took place in Roma? • What Latin insults did their legions tell each other? And much other unpublished news that you have never suspected. A book that for the first time will cast on the historical darkness left to fall on these events.
Ivo Ragazzini
SECRETS OF THE RUBICON
Rome's Ruby Red Line
Original title: I Segreti del Rubicone
Translated by: Rosemary Dawn Allison
© "Secrets of the Rubicon"
© 2018 Ivo Ragazzini
First paperback edition November 2018 -- Montag Edizioni
Second paperback edition September 2020
First digital edition August 2019
Second digital edition September 2020
The Author reserves all rights, including reproduction and even partial translation into any other language. The reproduction and use of this work, even partial and by any means, be it graphic, electronic or mechanical, is not permitted without the Author's written authorization. The same does not authorize the modification, or translation into any other language, of one or more parts of this work. Any unauthorized use constitutes a violation of copyright.
For all requests please write to:
ragazzini.ivo@gmail.com (mailto:ragazzini.ivo@gmail.com)
or contact the author at +39 3477496534.
No part of this book may be reproduced, translated, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without express written permission of the author.
For requests write to ragazzini.ivo@gmail.com (mailto:ragazzini.ivo@gmail.com) or call the author +39 3477496534.
Contents
Contents (#ulink_bb77d6e1-5bb4-5f74-a341-af89e7444294)
Preface (#ulink_8c837930-75a6-51c5-a952-11861b652417)
Where the Rubicon lay was also the road to Rome (#ulink_3df8eec8-0c96-57d2-a1a7-81e52cb7f528)
What was the real Rubicon? (#ulink_e5a187dc-05f4-51aa-a887-d6db5254e247)
The conversation between Caesar and Hortensius continues (#ulink_dd53b156-7e9c-5a4d-967c-912bdbb94397)
Brief historical introduction (#ulink_8dc7058b-70f0-5926-bedd-fd6f676d2c6b)
Caesar's arrival in Cesena (Curve Caes Arena) (#ulink_672cc7df-8eb2-5cd5-b76d-925b4e0254dc)
The Urgon witch (#ulink_f1ca1002-087e-54b6-b468-a28e553b6362)
The disposition of Caesar and Pompey's troops (#ulink_f12546fc-ae2c-55a5-8537-ee9912be3d64)
Mark Anthony, Hortensius and Caesar's plan (#ulink_dd8e5299-e616-5610-a68a-bfcc3fb8ee30)
Caesar's political plan for Rome (#ulink_ccc63367-fd0d-5d04-b7bd-763098ac5400)
Caesar climbs the Colle Garampo to observe Pompey's troops (#ulink_f4aa92c8-18d6-5f1b-ae41-b6289cdf6fb1)
Curva Caes Arena -- Caesar's circular arena (#ulink_66046416-9b98-52dc-ab6f-c59f042a51c0)
The Gallic legions arrive and begin to resettle the land in Romagna (#ulink_503bdf5f-5c49-5797-ab0d-d58a0c523552)
La Caveja the symbol of Romagna (#ulink_beb72fea-b145-550c-b034-b4ff21cb6a2f)
A Flamen comes to threaten Caesar telling him not to dare cross the Rubicon (#ulink_1af26714-acb7-55e9-969b-43cf1ebd2cf4)
The curse of the Rubicon (#ulink_0586e5ea-664e-5d65-817b-4a32bef3174b)
The conversation between Caesar and the Flamen (#ulink_385d0fa9-2dfc-517e-a8f3-17cfdc406293)
The Flamen curses the Rubicon border (#ulink_645675d3-2685-5be4-96eb-79ba98b1cc0e)
Superstition makes Caesar free a few horses on the (#ulink_0728a623-d726-5383-80ec-826db23cb7ab)Rubicon to make them cross the forbidden border (#ulink_0728a623-d726-5383-80ec-826db23cb7ab)
The Urgon witch (#ulink_116503cd-30e4-5686-bd60-507c04b537c9)
What was happening beyond the Rubicon among Pompey's ranks? (#ulink_2ee58265-a6e4-543d-950a-3b943eaeed97)
The mysterious caves of Santarcangelo di Romagna (#ulink_810d8dc6-6944-5031-891d-45020bab7e2a)
The Cult of Mithras (#ulink_841474ab-7f99-54f3-87a7-4a9b0582fe38)
The elections for the Chief Consul of the Year in Rome (#ulink_49d07ef3-3ddd-5dd1-a174-be1d98644d1d)
Caesar's secret plan (#ulink_5d1b1b4e-bb24-50d6-b363-4ca493f8d904)
Arriving in Rome, Caesar's men set about seeking alliances to influence his election (#ulink_b8d93ecf-5592-5354-93d2-bc2d872f72e9)
The festivities for the Head of the Year -- The New Year (#ulink_87466dcc-385f-59c4-a591-a45f933870a6)
New Year on the Rubicon (#ulink_327d7096-8827-5cb9-bef2-c29c32631852)
Caesar secretly arranges the plan to attack the Rubicon (#ulink_e5db47e0-728c-5166-9d5f-8d1669b07a16)
Caesar pulls back to Ravenna far from the Rubicon (#ulink_b9a8f065-132b-5cb2-81ff-0df1effa4121)
The day before the attack on the Rubicon (#ulink_4b97a2a8-a902-53aa-a9fa-a6d2f7cb85e9)
The Rubicon Malanotte (#ulink_92620902-09b7-5fab-b76f-6e0886883d76)
Rubicon nightmares (#ulink_6303a3ed-ae17-56c8-8e8d-b7619c853596)
Caesar crosses the Rubicon and takes Rimini by surprise (#ulink_ba826f61-9e80-573a-9fb0-2a523326a432)
The Urgon Malanotte and the Caligaes cemetery (#ulink_a846beb5-a650-56f4-9ac2-7c07c63d9e68)
The Caligaes cemetery (#ulink_ce44fa07-9cca-535e-8f51-11a20dd4f995)
Pompey's troops on the Rubicon surrender to Caesar (#ulink_ddd35401-61ba-5a12-92d9-af91fc7ee205)
Caesar receives a message from the Flamen Jovis (#ulink_f6a10e71-5cba-5769-bf6b-19a51b6ebbd4)
Was there a small area of neutral land between the borders of Romagna and Rome? (#ulink_73fd8d0d-3f5f-5852-acb7-2e06b3976c4a)
Caesar's descent to Rome and the dire forewarnings of the population (#ulink_e9b0f919-7c20-555e-91fc-e6915a4eee89)
Caesar's march through the Marche (#ulink_098553ed-d686-5fe3-b6e1-7c347b170a04)
The cults in the temples of the Marche (#ulink_9fb727c0-c843-5e59-8ccc-6bf0a8498b0b)
Caesar's conquest of Italy (#ulink_feeb5ff8-1cec-5bb5-9f5c-fb8f025282aa)
Caesar's end (#ulink_d9f86018-d7b8-529a-925b-5443c18a01c2)
Biography of the author (#ulink_f9e7356b-0e76-53b3-8688-86f5177b9bef)
By the same author: "The Ghost of Girolamo Riario" (#uc6296276-a332-5741-a6e0-9d6609901c25)
By the same author: "Under the Green Branches - The Last Ghibellines" (#ulink_804793e0-c2cf-5950-bf82-f287b95d1f18)
Preface
Once upon a time, on the way to Rome, there was a land that was traversed and defended by the Romans as a sacred, impassable border.
That land was formerly called Flaminia, it was then renamed Romagna for reasons that you will soon discover for yourself.
Today that sacred and impenetrable border, protected by the Gods of Rome, is no longer, but it existed then and many events occurred around there.
At that time the Romans knew very well what that border was and why they had built it, but from the Middle Ages until today, no one knew where it really was and many have tried to find it.
But there was no unified search and three or four conflicting theories have arisen regarding its location.
But where did that border go? And mostly, what really happened there?
Today, and for centuries, many have continued to ask themselves this question. Occasionally various societies and academies have gathered together in argumentative meetings to decide, now in favor of one place, now in favor of another.
But to questions such as:
For who and why was that border built the first time?
Why and how was it built?
Why did the Romans call it Puniceus Rubicon?
Why were there red sands that no longer exist today?
Was there a place called 'Malanotte' (Dreadful night) on the banks of that border?
Did Caesar and many Roman legionaries have nightmares or a Malanotte before crossing that border?
It seems that no one has tried to answer these and many other questions.
And that is shame, because it would have led to discovering a few answers and much more about what the Rubicon was, and what it was for, which would have led to discovering why and who had built that border, plus many other novelties that you will discover for yourself while reading.
Briefly, we have been discussing and researching the location of the Rubicon for centuries, but before finding the location of this border, many failed to discover what it was for and who and why built it the first time before Caesar was even born.
And if anyone had investigated these things thoroughly, I am convinced they would inevitably have discovered this and more.
I only add that this book, is not a rehashing of other works, and will lead you to discover many other mysteries and stories about the history of Rome, the Rubicon and ancient Romagna for the first time that you may never have suspected.
Straddling somewhere between an essay and historical account, the way is opened through twenty centuries of history and paths that have never been travelled before. This book is based on historical research, forgotten local legends, etymological research and observations that have never been made before. For the first time, light is shed on the darkness of those disputed events on the ruby-red border named the Rubicon. A unique story has been created that refers to nothing that has been written previously on the subject.
In particular, this book will answer the following questions for the first time:
What really was the Rubicon?
Why was it given that name?
Who for and why was the border created long before Caesar?
What was Romagna at the time?
What were the symbols and insignia used by Caesar's Gallic legions?
What insults did the Roman legionaries and warriors of that time shout?
What was the New Year's feast at the time of Caesar?
Why did Caesar cross the Rubicon immediately after the New Year's elections?
