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1944 the Allied landings began in Anzio, Italy.
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1946 President Truman established the Central Intelligence Group, from which, two years later, the CIA was created.
23 JANUARY (#ulink_e3666ac6-cd9b-527c-940b-77aba32514a1)
1790 Fletcher Christian and the Bounty’s other mutineers landed on Pitcairn Island.
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1806 William Pitt the Younger, prime minister 1783–1801 and 1804–06, died aged 46.
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1837 John Field, Irish composer who created the piano nocturne, died in Moscow.
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1883 Gustave Doré, graphic artist who illustrated such works as Dante’s Divine Comedy, died.
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1943 Tripoli was captured by British forces under Field Marshal Montgomery.
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1985 the proceedings of the House of Lords were televised for the first time.
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1989 surrealist painter Salvador Dalí died in Figueres, Spain, aged 84.
24 JANUARY (#ulink_88e7ab15-954e-59b9-a2c8-bc9d7cf81a8f)
41 Gaius Caesar (Caligula), Roman Emperor from 37, was murdered.
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1664 Sir John Vanbrugh, soldier, playwright and architect of Blenheim Palace, died.
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1712 Frederick the Great, King of Prussia 1740–86, born in Berlin.
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1895 Lord Randolph Churchill, statesman and father of Sir Winston, died aged 45.
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1965 Sir Winston Churchill, prime minister 1940–45 and 1951–55, died aged 90.
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1972 a Japanese soldier, Shoichi Yokoi, was discovered on Guam, 28 years after the Japanese surrender, believing that the Second World War was still in progress.
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1984 the Apple Macintosh personal computer went on sale.
25 JANUARY (#ulink_a67effd9-912d-5750-90e3-d37b1241294b)
1533 King Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn in secret.
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1640 Robert Burton, author of The Anatomy of Melancholy, died.
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1759 Robert Burns, Scottish poet whose popularity is reaffirmed in the Burns Night celebrations, was born in Alloway, Ayr.
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1919 the League of Nations was founded to resolve international disputes.
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1924 the first Winter Olympics began in Chamonix, France.
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1947 gangster Al Capone died at home of a heart attack.
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1971 Idi Amin deposed the Ugandan president Milton Obote.
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1990 Benazir Bhutto, the prime minister of Pakistan, became the first head of government to give birth.
26 JANUARY (#ulink_b0d4cc1e-32cc-5623-9a2f-09bf732d140a)
1790 Così fan tutte by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was first performed in Vienna.
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1824 Théodore Géricault, painter who used corpses in the morgue as models for The Raft of the Medusa, died.
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1855 Gérard de Nerval, French Romantic poet who kept a lobster as a pet, died.
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1885 General Charles Gordon was killed at Khartoum during the rising led by the Mahdi.
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1905 the largest diamond in the world, the Cullinan, was mined at Pretoria, South Africa.
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1950 India became a republic within the Commonwealth.
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1998 President Bill Clinton denied having had sexual relations with intern Monica Lewinsky.
27 JANUARY (#ulink_0f1c4e46-541f-5c8a-8e43-6b0cb57f1f04)
1302 Dante Alighieri was expelled from Florence for his political activities, and while in exile wrote his masterpiece, The Divine Comedy.
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1880 the American inventor Thomas Alva Edison was granted a patent for his electric incandescent lamp.
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1944 Leningrad (now St Petersburg) was relieved after a 28-month siege.
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1945 the Soviet army liberated 5,000 inmates of Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland.
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1967 Virgil Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chafee, astronauts, died after an electrical fault ignited pure oxygen in their Apollo 1 spacecraft.
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1972 Mahalia Jackson, the “Queen of Gospel”, died.
28 JANUARY (#ulink_adc2eecd-eded-536b-a578-47d0c1ab1186)
814 Charlemagne, Holy Roman Emperor since 800, died aged 71.
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1547 King Henry VIII, who had reigned since 1509, died aged 55.
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1596 Sir Francis Drake, English admiral and circumnavigator of the globe, died aged 55 at Portobelo, Panama.
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1807 London’s Pall Mall became the first street in the world illuminated by gaslight.
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1896 the first speeding fine was imposed on a British motorist for exceeding 2mph in a built-up area.
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1986 the space shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after lift-off and its crew of five men and two women were killed.
29 JANUARY (#ulink_3d24cc80-cdc5-5431-9eb4-e98edb9981a9)
1819 Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles landed in Singapore, with it becoming a British colony five years later.
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1820 King George III, who had reigned since 1760, died aged 81.
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1856 the Victoria Cross was established by royal warrant to honour acts of valour during the Crimean War.
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1860 Anton Chekhov, playwright, was born in Taganrog, Russia.
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1886 Karl Benz patented the first automobile.
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1942 Desert Island Discs was first broadcast by the BBC.
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1996 Venice’s opera house, fatefully named La Fenice (The Phoenix), was completely destroyed by fire, suspected to be arson.
30 JANUARY (#ulink_a57b79f5-6b27-5c5e-a00b-4b1663cb8928)
