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1970 the Nigeria-Biafra war concluded with Biafra’s surrender after the deaths of more than one million people.
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1973 President Nixon halted US bombing in North Vietnam after peace talks in Paris.
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2001 the Wikipedia website went online.
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2009 US Airways Flight 1549 safely crash-landed in the Hudson River between New York and New Jersey.
16 JANUARY (#ulink_722c7eeb-35db-5469-9930-00cea7114583)
1604 the Hampton Court Conference ended, in which King James I authorised a new translation of the Bible.
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1920 prohibition of the sale of alcohol began in America.
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1944 General Dwight D Eisenhower arrived in England as supreme commander of Allied forces in Europe.
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1969 21-year-old student Jan Palach set fire to himself in Prague in protest at the Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia.
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1970 Colonel Muammar Gaddafi became the leader of Libya, following a coup against King Idris.
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1979 the Shah of Iran was forced into exile in Egypt.
17 JANUARY (#ulink_736c09e8-0eee-5a4b-89ca-066974847c2e)
1773 Captain Cook’s Resolution crossed the Antarctic Circle, the first ship to do so.
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1874 conjoined Thai-American brothers Chang and Eng Bunker, regarded as the original Siamese twins, died within two hours of one another, aged 62, in North Carolina.
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1912 Captain Robert Scott reached the South Pole, to discover his rival Roald Amundsen had reached it first.
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1983 the BBC introduced breakfast television.
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1991 allied forces launched Operation Desert Storm against Iraqi positions following Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait.
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1995 more than 6,400 people were killed when an earthquake struck Kobe, Japan.
18 JANUARY (#ulink_e2ffddf4-14a1-5528-809f-c9ac00df40a6)
1778 Captain Cook sighted the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii).
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1813 Joseph Farwell Glidden, farmer who patented the first commercially viable barbed wire, born in New Hampshire.
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1871 William of Prussia was proclaimed the first German Emperor.
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1882 AA Milne, children’s writer, was born.
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1884 Arthur Ransome, children’s writer, was born.
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1911 piloted by Lt Eugene B Ely, the first aircraft to land on a ship touched down on the cruiser USS Pennsylvania in San Francisco harbour.
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1919 the Versailles Peace Conference opened.
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1989 Bruce Chatwin, travel writer (In Patagonia) and novelist, died in Nice aged 48.
19 JANUARY (#ulink_67f5d2fa-a65e-53ea-b9b1-a270587b09bf)
1736 James Watt, designer of the steam engine that largely powered the Industrial Revolution, was born in Greenock, Renfrewshire.
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1813 Sir Henry Bessemer, inventor of a steel production process that reduced the alloy’s price to a fifth of its former cost, was born in Charlton, Hertfordshire.
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1915 in the first air raid on Britain, a German zeppelin crossed the Norfolk coast and bombed Great Yarmouth and King’s Lynn.
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1937 aviator Howard Hughes set a new record by flying from Los Angeles to New York in 7 hours and 28 minutes.
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1966 Indira Gandhi became India’s first woman prime minister.
20 JANUARY (#ulink_8b3a488c-e1f5-5f8e-9ac6-a78ced20342b)
1841 Britain and China signed the Convention of Chuanbi, which ceded Hong Kong to the British.
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1900 RD Blackmore, novelist (Lorna Doone), died.
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1900 John Ruskin, art critic, died.
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1942 Reinhard Heydrich chaired the Wannsee Conference in Berlin, which established the framework for the final solution to the Jewish question.
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1972 unemployment in the UK rose above one million for the first time since the 1930s.
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1987 Terry Waite, the Archbishop of Canterbury’s special envoy in Lebanon, was kidnapped in Beirut.
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1993 Audrey Hepburn, actress (Roman Holiday, My Fair Lady), died aged 63.
21 JANUARY (#ulink_402db34a-4b8b-54a1-a191-0ae393a8fb23)
1790 Dr Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposed the guillotine to the newly formed National Assembly of Paris as a humane method of execution.
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1793 King Louis XVI of France was executed (by guillotine).
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1907 taxi cabs were officially recognised in Britain.
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1911 the first Monte Carlo car rally began.
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1924 Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov), Russian revolutionary, died at Gorki, Moscow, aged 53.
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1950 George Orwell (Eric Blair), essayist and novelist, died aged 46.
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1954 the first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, was launched.
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1976 Concorde made its inaugural commercial flight, from London to Bahrain in 3hr 37min.
22 JANUARY (#ulink_5c1935a7-efb6-5a0b-b911-b1bf84d21370)
1440 Ivan III, the Great, whose conquests created a consolidated Russian state, was born.
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1666 Shah Jahan, Mughal emperor of India, died.
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1788 George Gordon Byron (6th Baron Byron), poet, was born.
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1901 Queen Victoria, Britain’s monarch since 1837, died.
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1905 Russian troops fired on marching workers in St Petersburg, killing more than 500 in the first Bloody Sunday.
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1924 Ramsay MacDonald became Britain’s first Labour prime minister.
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