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The Mighty Dead: Why Homer Matters
Adam Nicolson
Where does Homer come from? And why does Homer matter? His epic poems of war and suffering can still speak to us of the role of destiny in life, of cruelty, of humanity and its frailty, but why they do is a mystery. How can we be so intimate with something so distant?Longlisted for the 2014 Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-FictionIn this passionate and deeply personal book, Adam Nicolson sets out to explain why these great ancient poems still have so much to say about what it is to be human, to love, lose, grow old and die.The Mighty Dead is a journey of history and discovery, sewn together by the oldest stories we have – the Iliad and the Odyssey, which emerged from a time before the Greeks became Greek. As nomadic tribes of the northern steppe, they clashed with the sophisticated cities of the eastern Mediterranean. These poems tell us how we became who we are.We witness a disputatious dinner in 19th-century Paris and Keats finding in Chapman’s Homer the inspiration to travel in the ‘realms of gold’. We go to Bosnia in the 1930s, with the god of Homer studies Milman Parry where oral poetry still thrived; to Spain to visit the possible site of Hades; to Troy, Ukraine, Syria and the islands of the Mediterranean; and to that most ancient of modern experiences, the open sea, in calm and storm.Reflecting on fathers and sons, men and women, on the necessity for love and the violence of warriors, on peace and war, youth and old-age, Homer is the deep voice of Europe, as dark as Mavrodaphne and as glowingly alive as anything that has ever been.
Copyright (#ulink_fc895a71-9a81-5fe6-8582-a707db017295)
William Collins
An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers
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Published by William Collins in 2014
Copyright © Adam Nicolson 2014
The Adam Nicolson asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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Source ISBN: 9780007335527
Ebook Edition © 2014 ISBN: 9780007335541
Version: 2016-04-15
Dedication (#ulink_d5d336f3-75e1-56d0-a051-78cf2a575529)
For
Sarah Raven
Thomas Nicolson
William Nicolson
Ben Nicolson
Rosie Nicolson
&
Molly Nicolson
Contents
Cover (#u8055afb3-eb5f-5330-9628-868e351f5b6d)
Title Page (#ue947e72e-10a5-562c-a411-72f745d0f3b4)
Copyright (#u68312f2c-954e-57ed-859f-402e603964d2)
Dedication (#ua05eefb1-0a5a-5947-98cc-df74fe74fa2b)
List of Illustrations (#u6086c2d6-12ef-5314-840e-3f8106ace248)
Maps: (#u10322df8-0d12-5387-87f9-44ae896d9e7c)
The World of the Ancient Greeks (#litres_trial_promo)
The Bronze Age World (#ue1bf54aa-6519-5510-ba4c-389f45e1feb3)
Preface (#ue060c6ea-7887-5f23-af58-3c554dad7ffc)
1. Meeting Homer (#u00a2c540-957f-50f4-af96-cc6f748faf50)
2. Grasping Homer (#u425d3875-3c91-5545-9588-048d416387fe)
3. Loving Homer (#ub3e573e0-5e0f-5707-83e2-cf9799ceaed1)
4. Seeking Homer (#uaab96c88-22fc-54f8-8a15-a5f0049c93c7)
5. Finding Homer (#uabd27a57-c51c-5f4e-a041-5cf4ed59a4f8)
6. Homer the Strange (#u9ee66800-933b-5b95-a069-aaa18253fb10)
7. Homer the Real (#litres_trial_promo)
8. The Metal Hero (#litres_trial_promo)
9. Homer on the Steppes (#litres_trial_promo)
10. The Gang and the City (#litres_trial_promo)
11. Homer’s Mirror (#litres_trial_promo)
12. Homer’s Odyssey (#litres_trial_promo)
Conclusion: The Bright Wake (#litres_trial_promo)
Picture Section (#litres_trial_promo)
Footnotes (#litres_trial_promo)
Notes (#litres_trial_promo)
Bibliography (#litres_trial_promo)
Text Permissions (#litres_trial_promo)
Index (#litres_trial_promo)
Acknowledgements (#litres_trial_promo)
By the same author (#litres_trial_promo)
About the Publisher (#litres_trial_promo)
List of Illustrations (#ulink_a99ec17f-259e-5694-81a8-e0eabdccdfe1)
COLOUR PLATES
1 (#litres_trial_promo) ‘The Mask of Agamemnon’. (Universal History Archive/Getty Images)
2 (#litres_trial_promo) Stamnos (vase) depicting Odysseus tied to the mast listening to the songs of the Sirens, c.480 BC, Athens. (Werner Forman/Universal Images Group/Getty Images)
3 (#litres_trial_promo) Mycenaean funerary stele with relief chariot scene, c.1600 BC. (Photo by Adam Nicolson)
4 (#litres_trial_promo) Mycenaean gold cup, sixteenth century BC. (National Archaeological Museum of Athens.DeAgostini/Getty Images)
5 (#litres_trial_promo) Engraving depicting an octopus on a gold cup from Tholos of Dendra, near Midea, sixteenth century BC. (National Archaeological Museum of Athens.DeAgostini/Getty Images)
6 (#litres_trial_promo) Mycenaean gold butterfly scales from the Shaft Graves, sixteenth century BC. (National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Photo by Adam Nicolson)
7 (#litres_trial_promo) Attic terracotta lekythos (oil flask), attributed to the Achilles Painter, c.440 BC. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art.akg-images)
8 (#litres_trial_promo) Mycenaean gold elliptical funeral diadem, from the ‘Grave of the Women’, sixteenth century BC. (National Archaeological Museum of Athens.Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images)
9 (#litres_trial_promo) A gold death suit for a Mycenaean child, sixteenth century BC. (National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Photo by Adam Nicolson)
10 (#litres_trial_promo) Damascened daggers made of gold, silver, bronze and niello, from Mycenae and Pylos. (DEA/G. DAGLI ORTI/De Agostini/Getty Images)
11 (#litres_trial_promo) Writing tablet from the Ulu Burun wreck, c.1325 BC. (© Institute of Nautical Archaeology)
12 (#litres_trial_promo) The tower of the Acropolis in Tiryns. (DeAgostini/Getty Images)
13 (#litres_trial_promo) Nestor’s cup. (Museum of Ischia, Italy. ©Maria Grazia Casella/Alamy)
14 (#litres_trial_promo) Kantharos (drinking cup) depicting Odysseus and Nausicaa. (© The Trustees of the British Museum. All rights reserved)
15 (#litres_trial_promo) Extremaduran warrior with shield, sword and mirror. (Museo Arqueológico Provincial de Badajoz. Photo by Adam Nicolson)
16 (#litres_trial_promo) Stabbed Bronze Age phalera (horse harness ornament). (Wiltshire Museum. Photo by Adam Nicolson)
17 (#litres_trial_promo) Extremaduran warriors with bow, spear, shield, swords, a bubble-handled mirror, what may be a musical instrument and large, man-slaughtering hands. (Museo Arqueológico Provincial de Badajoz. Photo by Adam Nicolson)
18 (#litres_trial_promo) The Rio Odiel. (Photo by Adam Nicolson)
19 (#litres_trial_promo) Silver gilt Cypriot bowl, c.725–675 BC. (© The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource/Scala, Florence)
20 (#litres_trial_promo) Gold libation bowl, c.625 BC, found at Olympia, 1916. (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Photo by Adam Nicolson)
21 (#litres_trial_promo) Minoan Kamares eggshell ware cup. (Heraklion Archaeological Museum, Crete.Leemage/UIG via Getty Images)
22 (#litres_trial_promo) Ivory cosmetic case in the form of a duck. (© The Trustees of the British Museum. All rights reserved. Photo by Adam Nicolson)
23 (#litres_trial_promo)David and Goliath by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610), oil on canvas. (Museo del Prado. Photo by DeAgostini/Getty Images)
24 (#litres_trial_promo) Mycenaean bronze dagger with an integral hilt and pommel, c.1300–1100 BC (© The Trustees of the British Museum. All rights reserved)
25 (#litres_trial_promo) Wild pear tree, Ithaca. (Photo by Adam Nicolson)
26 (#litres_trial_promo) Minoan bath, mid-fourteenth century BC. (© Carlos Collection of Ancient Art, Emory University)
27 (#litres_trial_promo) Dionysus on a reach, surrounded by dolphins, 530 BC. (Staatliche Antikensammlung, Munich.Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images)
TEXT ILLUSTRATIONS
1 (#ue947e72e-10a5-562c-a411-72f745d0f3b4) Terracotta plate depicting a poet on his death bed, musing on the past with his lyre above him, c.595–570 BC. (© The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource/Scala, Florence)
2 (#litres_trial_promo) Mural from Palace of Nestor at Pylos. (Courtesy of the Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati)
3 (#litres_trial_promo) Odysseus tied to the mast listening to the songs of the Sirens. (Werner Forman/Universal Images Group/Getty Images)
4 (#litres_trial_promo) Rue Contrescarpe-Dauphine, c.1866, by Charles Marville. (Courtesy of Philippe Mellot)
5 (#litres_trial_promo) Draft of Keats’s sonnet ‘On First Looking Into Chapman’s Homer’, October 1816. (Courtesy of the Houghton Library, Harvard University)
6 (#litres_trial_promo) The title page of the 1788 Iliad edited by Villoison. (Courtesy of the Houghton Library, Harvard University)
7 (#litres_trial_promo) Detail from the Hawara Homer manuscript (24–28. Bodleian Libr., Gr. Class. A.1 (P)). Homer, Iliad I, 506–10, Iliad II, 1–877, with many lacunae. Courtesy of the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents; the Cairo Museum; the Association Internationale de Papyrologues and Dr Adam Bülow-Jacobsen)
8 (#litres_trial_promo) Detail from p.111 of the Venetus A scholia. (Center for Hellenic Studies. ©2007, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venezie, Italia)
9 (#litres_trial_promo) The megaron at Emporio, Chios. (Courtesy of John Boardman)
10 (#litres_trial_promo) Ischian cratēr from ‘Pithekoussai’ by G. Buckner, Expedition Vol. 8, No. 4, summer 1966.
11 (#litres_trial_promo) Nestor’s cup, eighth century BC. (Dbachmann)
12 (#litres_trial_promo) Milman Parry. (Courtesy of the Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature, Harvard University)
13 (#litres_trial_promo) Bégan Lyútsa Nikshitch, photographed by Milman Parry. (Courtesy of the Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature, Harvard University)
