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The Meadow: Kashmir 1995 – Where the Terror Began
Adrian Levy
Cathy Scott-Clark
They have come in search of many things – nirvana, exhilaration, a sense of self. But over the course of the next week, their holidays take a terrifying turn when they become entangled in a nail-biting hostage drama that will suck them into an alien world of jihad and Islamic fundamentalism. In the months that follow, their fates will become caught-up in a bloody struggle between India and Pakistan, fought out in the airless heights of Kashmir.With the world looking on, four of the captured travellers will vanish off the face of the earth, never to be seen again, creating one of the region’s great mysteries.Written with access to diaries, letters, unprocessed film and personal recollections from those enmeshed in the drama, drawing on classified police reports and secret tape recordings of Indian government negotiations, as well as interviews with the jihadis themselves and excerpts from their journals, Adrian Levy and Cathy Scott-Clark’s book is a real-life thriller, a startling but compelling story told from the perspective of all involved.The Meadow charts how the fates of two groups of young men from different hemispheres became inextricably entwined on the mountain trails they followed. It tells of the terrifying escape of one hostage, the heart-rending secret letters another wrote on birch bark and hid in his clothing as he contemplated his situation, and how, with a brutal beheading, the kidnappers took an irreversible step into the abyss.Packed with explosive revelations, The Meadow provides the first definitive answers as to what happened to the missing backpackers, revealing how the kidnapping of July 1995 changed the face of modern jihad, its architects going on to sow the seeds of a cold-hearted war against the West.
ADRIAN LEVY AND
CATHY SCOTT-CLARK
The Meadow
Terrorism, Kidnapping
and Conspiracy in Paradise
For all of the injured, the dead and the missing
The headlights filled the road. Everyone cried
out for mother and father’s love and as the
doors to the ascent opened the ballad began
again. For his disappeared love he went from
hole to hole, grave to grave, searching for the
eyes that don’t find. From gravestone to
gravestone, from cry to cry, it went through
niches, through shadows, and it went like this.
FROM RAÚL ZURITA, SONG FOR HIS DISAPPEARED LOVE, TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH BY DANIEL BORZUTZKY
(ACTION BOOKS, NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, 2010)
CONTENTS
Title Page (#ua172fb10-dfe1-58d8-8737-55847630efcf)
Dedication (#u1b368c30-1429-510e-a6bd-3c3ea828cab9)
List of Illustrations
MAPS: (#u7a086bf9-ec30-54fb-9773-ffb51ce12123)
South Asia (#ulink_828c3e1c-d12d-54f6-a1e7-1ae66bfb5f36)
Central Srinagar (#udc22c5e9-bfe5-566c-a47c-316d04a4466b)
Southern Kashmir and Doda District (#u39143b4f-4e40-575e-bd64-807732b02e6a)
Trekking and Pilgrimage Routes in Kashmir Valley (#u194fef49-9fa4-54d5-92a8-c1a71c9a7f9c)
Anantnag District (#ud5a98315-4a39-542a-94cf-d36e0004c312)
Dramatis Personae
Abbreviations
Prologue
1. Packing
2. A Father’s Woes
3. The Meadow
4. Home
5. Kidnap
6. The Night Callers
7. Up and Down
8. Hunting Dogs
9. Deadline
10. Tikoo on the Line
11. Winning the War, Call by Call
12. The Golden Swan
13. Resolution Through Dialogue
14. Ordinary People
15. The Squad
16. The Game
17. The Goldfish Bowl
18. Chor-Chor Mausere Bhai (All Thieves are Cousins)
19. Hunting Bears
20. The Circus
Epilogue: Fill Your Arms with Lightning
Picture Section (#uba1639e4-b08a-5a44-9e5f-722a479022dd)
Acknowledgements
A Note on Sources
About the Authors
Praise (#ud2e6cc2c-e98e-520a-bc0d-2a9d28f06421)
By the Same Authors
Copyright
About the Publisher
ILLUSTRATIONS (#uace8c44a-0dd2-5326-a17c-4175f2e0829b)
1. The route to the Meadow, photographed by Hans Christian Ostrø shortly before he was kidnapped. (Marit Hesby)
2. Julie and Keith Mangan and Catherine Moseley trek towards the Meadow in early July 1995. Photo by Paul Wells. (Bob Wells)
3. Cath, Keith and Julie trek towards the Meadow. Photo by Paul Wells. (Bob Wells)
4. Setting up camp en route to the Meadow. Photo by Paul Wells. (Bob Wells)
5. Hans Christian Ostrø being made up for his kathakali dance graduation show in Sreekrishnapuram, May 1995. (Marit Hesby)
6. Ostrø on board Montana houseboat, Dal Lake, Srinagar. (Marit Hesby)
7. The Heevan Hotel in Pahalgam. (Courtesy Conveyor magazine, Srinagar)
8. The wives and girlfriends of the kidnapped men leaving the first press conference at the Welcome Hotel in Srinagar on 13 July 1995. (Agency photo)
9. Rajinder Tikoo, Inspector General of Crime Branch at the time of the kidnappings. (Undated photo, courtesy Kashmir Times)
10. Members of the al Faran kidnap party. (Courtesy Maqbool Sahil)
11. One of the first hostage photographs, taken by al Faran outside the herders’ hut from which John Childs had escaped in the early hours of 8 July. (Agency photo)
12. Lt. General (retired) D.D. Saklani, Security Advisor to the Governor of Kashmir. (AP)
13. John Childs reunited with his daughters on 15 July 1995. (Agency photo)
14. Childs shortly after his rescue. (Agency photo)
15. A picture of the hostages and their captors that was delivered to the Srinagar Press Enclave on 14 July 1995, shortly before the first deadline expired. (Marit Hesby)
16. Hostages photographed inside an unidentified herders’ hut, probably in the Warwan Valley. (Marit Hesby)
17. The Warwan Valley, where the hostages were held for eleven weeks. (Authors’ archive)
18. Sukhnoi village. (Authors’ archive)
19. Indian security forces question shepherds about the whereabouts of the hostages. (AP Photo/Qaiser Misra)
20. Don Hutchings, supposedly injured following a botched Indian security force operation. (Authors’ archive)
21. Hans Christian Ostrø’s corpse at Anantnag police station in south Kashmir. (Marit Hesby)
22. The hostages soon after they arrived in the Warwan Valley. (Marit Hesby)
23. Two views from Mardan Top, at the southern end of the Warwan Valley. (Authors’ archive)
24. David Mackie and Kim Housego were seized by Pakistan-backed militants in June 1994 and held for seventeen days. (AP)
25. Letter written by Hans Christian Ostrø to his family and the Norwegian Embassy shortly after his capture. (Marit Hesby)
26. Ostrø arranged for several batches of photographs, on which he wrote cryptic clues as to the hostages’ condition and location, to be smuggled out of the Warwan. (Marit Hesby)
27. The contents of Hans Christian Ostrø’s money belt, recovered from his tent at Zargibal. (Authors’ archive)
28. Press conference given by Jane Schelly and Julie Mangan, Srinagar, July 1995. (Authors’ archive)
29. Photograph of Paul Wells thought to have been taken in the wooden guesthouse in Sukhnoi village, Warwan, where the hostages were kept for several weeks. (Bob Wells)
30. Photograph taken by al Faran in August 1995 that served as a prelude to ‘proof of life’ conversations that followed. (Authors’ archive)
31. In the years following the kidnapping, the families of the hostages announced several rewards for information leading to the return of their loved ones. (Bob Wells)
32. Jehangir Khan, a commander of the pro-government renegades. (Javid Dar, 2008, courtesy of Conveyor magazine)
33. Kashmiri women passing an Indian Central Reserve Police Force patrol. (Faisal Khan, 2011, courtesy Conveyor magazine)
34. The last confirmed photograph of the hostages. (Bob Wells)
35. Identity card of renegade field commander Basir Ahmad Wagay, aka ‘the Tiger’. (Authors’ archive)
36. Renegade commander Azad Nabi, call-sign ‘Alpha’. (Authors’ archive)
37. Naseer Mohammed Sodozey, a treasurer of Harkat ul-Ansar (the Movement). (Authors’ archive)
38. Omar Sheikh, from London, arrested in Pakistan in 2002 in connection with the kidnapping of Daniel Pearl. (AP)
