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Taking Cover: One Girl's Story of Growing Up During the Iranian Revolution
National Geographic Kids
This coming-of-age memoir, set during the Iranian Revolution, tells the story of a young girl who moves to Tehran from the U.S. and has to adjust to living in a new country, learning a new language, and starting a new school during one of the most turbulent periods in Iran's history. Includes a foreword from best-selling author Firoozeh Dumas.This compelling true story of Nioucha Homayoonfar offers a window into an at-once familiar yet foreign culture. Religion classes are mandatory at her new school. Nioucha has to cover her head and wear robes. Her cousin is captured and tortured after he is caught trying to leave the country. And yet, in midst of so much change and challenge, Nioucha is still just a girl who listens to music and idolizes pop stars. But she has to be careful when Western music is banned and she cannot be seen in public together with her new boyfriend. Will she ever get used to this new way of life? Nioucha's story sheds light on the timely conversation about religious freedom, publishing in time for the 40th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution.
Author’s Note
To write my story, I relied upon my personal memories and those of my parents. I have changed the names of all of the individuals in this book, and in some cases, I modified details to protect loved ones.
Note About Language
The narrative includes a crude insult, the word “whore,” which is used to frighten a teenage girl. This offensive word demonstrates part of the hostility the author experienced. It was included in the narrative to keep the authenticity of this true story.
Acknowledgments
My thanks to:
Lori Epstein, for taking a chance on her neighbor and handing my book proposal to the right people.
My wonderful editor, Martha E. Kendall, for her candid input and for always responding to my questions with so much patience and insight.
National Geographic, for providing me this platform.
Sheila M. Trask, for reading my story and telling me it had potential.
Everyone in my creative writing classes, and friends who read my manuscript and gave me their honest opinions about it.
My loving family.
Text Copyright © 2019 Nioucha Homayoonfar
Compilation Copyright © 2019 National Geographic Partners, LLC
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Hardcover ISBN: 9781426333668
Reinforced library binding ISBN: 9781426333675
Ebook ISBN 9781426333682
The publisher would like to thank the following people for their work on this book: Priyanka Lamichhane, senior editor; Julide Dengel, art director and designer; Dawn McFadin, designer; Lori Epstein, photo director; Molly Reid, production editor; and Anne LeongSon and Gus Tello, design production assistants.
v5.4
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Dedication
To Maman and Baba, for giving me these stories
To Sophie and Sawyer, the loves of my life
To Stew, for always being there
CONTENTS
Cover (#u289a94dd-974f-5993-adcd-9e7440e2c709)
Title Page (#u27d53640-d659-566b-b97f-7cc4060a0675)
Copyright (#uad7cc454-e6eb-511c-9603-4a75e6e261b0)
Dedication (#u1bcdbdd8-5d18-5d26-8e44-20d02e6584f5)
FOREWORD by Firoozeh Dumas (#ueae992c4-07b9-5667-868f-def164186b16)
CHAPTER 1: FURY, 1986 (Part 1) (#uc117524a-5bf0-53a8-9239-88afb0797328)
CHAPTER 2: REVOLUTION, 1979 (#u10f98801-45de-5af7-91b3-f1b6466dae24)
CHAPTER 3: ACTING, 1980 (#u6ae806e4-e64d-5944-b185-ead9b2734335)
CHAPTER 4: RETREAT, Summer 1980 (#uc755d186-9b61-5f0c-b1f3-e783bc7ba6f8)
CHAPTER 5: REBELLION, 1980–1981 (#u0ca3b1a8-41fb-5a47-ad68-e30601459885)
CHAPTER 6: WAR, 1981 (#ud902caff-451a-5101-a563-b765d5447bba)
CHAPTER 7: EXPECTATIONS, 1982 (#udedecc47-4538-58c5-910b-e7529ff7b35d)
CHAPTER 8: SPACES, 1983 (#u008be05a-eed9-56e8-a948-be875fb354c4)
CHAPTER 9: HIDING, 1984 (#u5c38bd8b-b0a0-5422-afbd-4410c9cbf85d)
CHAPTER 10: LOVE, 1984 (#u1ec7fa6d-f21d-52fa-860c-b82d536cfb2f)
CHAPTER 11: FURY, 1986 (Part 2) (#uf5db1ac3-90a3-555e-a09f-1c98017c0b9d)
CHAPTER 12: DEPARTURE, 1987 (#ub7d484b4-38ac-5548-9d07-b30c8953015f)
AFTERWORD (#uce03e43d-01ec-5f37-854e-b9fbb44677b4)
Map (#u8205b435-da24-5555-9994-3aeac183cbf5)
Timeline (#u90a7183b-94b3-5eb7-bac9-876cf162a335)
Photo Gallery (#u03e82ce8-8e8e-5e89-bd78-42086f2d320e)
Credits (#u6f340e0d-3518-5277-a9bd-eec4d2540b0d)
FOREWORD
BY FIROOZEH DUMAS, BEST-SELLING AUTHOR OF FUNNY IN FARSI
High school was a pivotal time in my life, not for anything that happened at school, but for what happened on the other side of the world. Many evenings during my freshman year, I took my place on the sofa next to my parents as we watched the Iranian revolution unfold on the evening news. We lived in California, far away from the actual events, but we thought and spoke of nothing else. Still, if a fortune-teller had told us what the future held for Iran, we would have laughed in his face.
The Iran that we knew was a country with a cosmopolitan capital where women tried to emulate the latest European fashions, where the population was mostly secular, and where Jews, Christians, and Muslims co-existed peacefully. Women were making advancements in many fields, Iranian schools were producing world-renowned engineers and doctors, and more citizens than ever had access to educational opportunities.
Before 1979, most Iranians did not fathom that someday, women would no longer be allowed to serve as judges, that Western music would be banned, that women would be punished for showing strands of hair, that what happens socially in the privacy of your home, like dancing, could actually get you arrested. I still cannot believe that my favorite vacation spot as a child, the Caspian Sea, is now gender-segregated. How ridiculous is it that men and women can no longer enjoy the beach together?
Of course pre-revolutionary Iran had some very serious problems. We knew the shah’s government was corrupt and knew the profit from oil, the country’s main natural resource, did not go back to the people, but to the corrupt individuals with ties to the government. Members of the Bahá’í religion suffered for their beliefs. Iranians had little freedom of speech and the shah’s critics were silenced.
With the overthrow of the shah, we, like many Iranians, were cautiously optimistic. We hoped that a non-traditional leader, someone who was not a politician, would herald a new era for Iran, an era of democracy and economic fairness. Ironically the overthrowing of the shah did not solve Iran’s issues. The Iran of today has even more problems, and a society with far fewer rights.
Books like this, Nioucha Homayoonfar’s Taking Cover, provide such an important and necessary window into the complexities of this country. Told from the point of view of a young French-Iranian girl coming of age in Iran, her story shows the changes, both big and small, that slowly became a way of life, forming the Iran that exists today. Her simple observations effectively yet powerfully illustrate how the Iran that she knew, the Iran that I knew, disappeared, bit by bit. Her descriptions of the changes in her school alone speak volumes about the opportunities afforded to Iran’s youth before and after the revolution and why so many Iranians now live in exile. More important, her story shows us why those of us living in exile continue to love our culture and our people, why we do our best to hang on to our memories, our language, our music, and our recipes.
Nioucha’s colorful story will inevitably surprise many readers who do not visualize pre-revolutionary Tehran as a vibrant and international city, a city where John Travolta’s dance moves were attempted by every teen with Saturday night fever and where the search for the latest and trendiest American tennis shoes was a serious venture. But there is an even more important reason to read Taking Cover. Even though readers will be entertained by Nioucha’s memoir, I hope they will also ponder the vital underlying question: Can my freedoms be taken away? Does radical change always require a violent revolution or can rights be taken away slowly and silently?
I hope Nioucha’s book will be discussed in schools, at home, and in book clubs across America. As Coretta Scott King so affectingly said, “Freedom is never really won. You earn it and win it in every generation.”
—Firoozeh Dumas
Firoozeh Dumas is the author of the New York Times best sellers Funny in Farsi and Laughing Without an Accent, and the award-winning It Ain’t So Awful, Falafel. She has also written articles for the New York Times, covering topics on her life as an Iranian-born woman raised in America. For more information, visit firoozehdumas.com (http://firoozehdumas.com).
CHAPTER 1
FURY
1986 (PART 1)
Javabe ablahan khamooshist.
— Persian proverb
Silence is the best answer to fools.
I knew I was in trouble when the white jeep made a U-turn. Driven by the Zeinab Sisters (or the Black Crows, as I called them), it raced toward me and screeched to a stop.
My mother was pushing my little brother in a stroller. She had already crossed the street, but I’d lagged behind. So when the “Moral Police” pulled in front of me, I was all alone. Their job was to ensure that women and girls dressed in the manner dictated by Islam. To set an example, these four were covered head to toe in black chadors, and some of them even wore gloves.
The Black Crow sitting in the back seat jumped out and grabbed my arm without saying a word. I caught my mother’s eye just as I was being pushed inside the jeep. Maman stood helplessly, screaming across the traffic for the Crows to let me go.
Alarmed by her yells and frantic gestures, a few passersby stared at the jeep. Through the window I saw my brother look up at Maman. His lower lip quivered, a sure sign he was about to cry.
The jeep just peeled away. “What is this?” Backseat Crow asked, pointing to my neck.
It was such a hot summer day that I had undone one of the top buttons of my navy robe. Wearing dark colors in the heat didn’t help. A small triangle of neck showed, which of course they considered blasphemous. I automatically buttoned the top button and positioned my scarf to hide my neck.
“That’s better,” she said. “But what’s this?”
My sleeves were rolled up a bit. She jabbed her finger toward the three inches of my arms that were exposed above my wrists. Clearly she believed that much flesh would be too much temptation for a man. I unrolled my sleeves.
“Haven’t you girls learned anything yet?” Backseat Crow yelled. “How many times do we have to arrest you before you understand how to appear in public? What kind of a Muslim woman are you? Have you no modesty?”
The two front seat Crows sniggered. I lowered my eyes and folded my hands in my lap. I knew better than to argue. Getting hauled off in their car was a very bad sign. I wasn’t about to worsen my situation by being the usual smart aleck I had been at school.
“We’re about to teach you a lesson you won’t soon forget,” she continued. “Maybe then you’ll respect the laws of Islam.”
I nervously watched out the window to see where they were taking me. We drove by the man selling watermelons from his green pickup truck near Vanak Square. Baba often bought one from him on his way home from work. Pedestrians weaved through heavy traffic, and Driver Crow lay her hand on the horn like all the other drivers were doing. For me, this din from the street was nothing new, but I’d never heard such a roar in my ears as my blood was pulsing while my heart pounded.
“How old are you anyway?” Frontseat Crow said.
“I’m fifteen.”
“It’s time for you to be married,” she said. “Otherwise, you’ll get yourself in a lot of trouble. An insolent girl like you will soon bring shame to her family.”
“Was that foreign-looking woman across the street your mother?” Driver Crow asked, glaring at me in the rearview mirror. “The one with the little boy in the stroller? Her scarf barely covered her blond hair.”
“Yes. That was my mother.”
The thought of Maman and Nima made me want to cry.
“Where is she from?” Driver Crow asked.
“She is from France.”
