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The White Spider
Heinrich Harrer
A classic of mountaineering literature, The White Spider tells the story of the harrowing first ascent of the Eiger’s North Face, one of the most legendary and terrifying climbs in recorded history.Heinrich Harrer, author of Seven Years in Tibet and one of the twentieth century’s greatest mountaineers, was part of the team that finally conquered the fearsome North Face of the Eiger in 1938. It was a landmark expedition that pitted the explorers against treacherous conditions and the limits of human endurance, and which many have since tried – and failed – to emulate.Armed with an intimate knowledge that comes only from first-hand experience of climbing the Eiger, Harrer gives a gripping account of physical daring and mental resilience, a subtle and affecting portrait of both the mind of the mountaineer and the soul of a mountain. An introduction by Joe Simpson, author of Touching the Void, reminds us of the enduring relevance of this true adventure classic.
Heinrich Harrer
The White Spider
THE STORY OF
THE NORTH FACE OF THE EIGER
Translated from the German by
HUGH MERRICK
With additional chapters by
HEINRICH HARRER AND KURT MAIX
With an Introduction by
JOE SIMPSON
Copyright (#ulink_2c373d89-518b-50f1-9757-e74b061e6587)
William Collins
An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd. 1 London Bridge Street London SE1 9GF
www.harpercollins.co.uk (http://www.harpercollins.co.uk)
This edition published by Harper Perennial 2005
Previously published in paperback by Flamingo 1995
Previously published in paperback by Paladin 1989
First published in Great Britain by Rupert Hart-Davis Ltd 1959
Revised edition 1965
Second revised edition published by Granada Publishing 1976
Copyright © Heinrich Harrer 1958, 1964
This translation copyright © Rupert Hart-Davis Ltd 1959
Introduction copyright © Joe Simpson 2005
PS section copyright © Miranda Haines 2005
PS™ is a trademark of HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd.
Heinrich Harrer asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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HarperCollinsPublishers has made every reasonable effort to ensure that any picture content and written in this ebook has been included or removed in accordance with the contractual and technological constraints in operation at the time of publication
Source ISBN: 9780007197842
Ebook Edition © SEPTEMBER 2010 ISBN: 9780007347575
Version: 2017-04-27
Contents
Title page (#u30f65945-9b49-595e-b3ca-217a8eb22ca5)
Copyright (#u82507842-c813-5b57-9fe1-4f98f54a53c1)
Introduction (#u09470b85-7408-53a7-bc2d-e610800804d3)
Map (#uefa2966a-a027-5449-9104-80555755b5f4)
“Come back safe, my friends” (#u7fc03278-0a75-5042-83b3-2c8904c5c101)
The “White Spider” (#u8d365116-d4b4-5a36-9165-a5acaa43dda2)
The First Attempt on the North Face (#u2db1a30d-0b72-5828-b721-c98a1364c3c4)
The Tragedy of Toni Kurz (#u8fc0b073-e84a-5198-9c34-b2174cdcb6d9)
1937 on the Eiger (#ub92d57dc-9a7e-5de6-a90f-4fabcf78b5ff)
The First Ascent of the Face (#u25d11e0a-3a0f-5617-b007-6d477befefb4)
Further Successful Ascents (#litres_trial_promo)
1952: The Great Year on the Eiger (#litres_trial_promo)
The Wall of Life and Death (#litres_trial_promo)
The Tragedy of 1957 (#litres_trial_promo)
The International Rescue Team (#litres_trial_promo)
Epilogue (#litres_trial_promo)
Fate made the Amendments (#litres_trial_promo)
Four Shirts and an Overcoat (#litres_trial_promo)
Ascendancy of the Armchair (#litres_trial_promo)
The Silver Trench (#litres_trial_promo)
Climbers have a Language of their own (#litres_trial_promo)
“I am sorry, Brian …” (#litres_trial_promo)
July 31st: Start and Finish (#litres_trial_promo)
The Mass Assault (#litres_trial_promo)
The Year of Chivalry (#litres_trial_promo)
Man, the Deciding Factor (#litres_trial_promo)
Route Guide to the North Face (#litres_trial_promo)
Attempts and Successes on the North Face (#litres_trial_promo)
Keep Reading (#litres_trial_promo)
Index (#litres_trial_promo)
About the Author (#litres_trial_promo)
P. S. Ideas, interviews & features … (#litres_trial_promo)
About the author (#litres_trial_promo)
Heinrich Harrer: An Extraordinary Life (#litres_trial_promo)
Life at a Glance (#litres_trial_promo)
Harrer’s Top Tips to Modern Explorers (#litres_trial_promo)
Read on (#litres_trial_promo)
If You Loved This, You Might Like … (#litres_trial_promo)
Have You Read? (#litres_trial_promo)
Find Out More (#litres_trial_promo)
Also by the Author (#litres_trial_promo)
About the Publisher (#litres_trial_promo)
Introduction (#ulink_0e8bcde2-9bf4-58af-b150-dcf1eec80251)
The North Face of the Eiger has always held a lingering fascination for me from the moment I finished reading Heinrich Harrer’s The White Spider at the age of fourteen. This gripping account of the first ascent in 1938 and the subsequent and often disastrous attempts that followed should really have put me off mountaineering for life. Only a week earlier I had been taken rock climbing on a small limestone crag on the edge of the North York Moors. I was unaware that the arcane world of extreme mountaineering even existed, let alone considered devoting the rest of my life to it. When I closed the book, my head was filled with grim black-and-white images of men fighting for survival in a ferociously steep and unrelentingly dangerous landscape. I could not imagine any more frightening way to die. Avalanches, rock falls crashing past like gun shots, lightning blasting through storm-lashed days, men pinned down unable to escape, dying slowly before the horrified gaze of tourist onlookers in the valley below - why would anyone want to place themselves in such a nightmarish situation? I had no idea, so I read the book again.
I was no better informed at the end of the second reading, but I knew one thing: I wanted to find out. Despite the terrible hardship and awful deaths, I was forcibly struck by the fact that these men had chosen to be there. They couldn’t all be idiots. There must be something very special about mountaineering for these people to think that such risks are worth it. I became a mountaineer inspired by the most gripping and frightening mountaineering book I have ever read.
Eleven years later, much to my chagrin, I found myself hanging helplessly from a rope, battered by avalanches and storm winds, badly injured, and about to plunge into a nightmare every bit as bad as those described in The White Spider. Today, thirty years after reading Harrer’s book, I am astounded by the number of young people who tell me that my account of this survival epic in Peru, Touching the Void, inspired them to take up climbing. It is some consolation to know that my rather odd decision-making processes as a fourteen-year-old are being replicated today.
In many ways The White Spider is an unlikely success. The language can seem archaic and incongruous today. The grainy black-and-white photographs seem old-fashioned compared to the sumptuous photography in modern mountaineering literature. Today, standards of climbing have far outstripped anything that would be found on the 1938 route. It should really be a relic of mountaineering history accessible only to the most avid of climbing aficionados. And yet it is these very criticisms that make it such a fascinating and seminal book.
It is not solely about mountaineering. It is about humanity, courage, strength in adversity, and the power of the mind. It is impossible to read this book without being awed by the single-minded determination of a small band of poorly equipped climbers struggling to survive in a world that few of us can imagine. It is also impossible not to ask why they chose to do such a thing. Unfortunately the only way to understand the answer to that question is by going and doing it yourself. A climber would never ask such a question, and a non-climber would never understand the answer.
When I read of Toni Kurz enduring such a terrible, drawn-out death, hanging alone on a rope, his companions dead around him, his rescuers tantalizingly out of reach, I was horrified and fascinated in equal measure. This, I was later to discover, is the essence of mountaineering: that strange mixture of fear and excitement, the addiction of apprehension and anticipation without which mountaineering would simply be another sport. It is far, far more than sport. It is not done to win a game, to gain a gold medal, to beat a fellow competitor. It is a nonsensical game of life, and it is this absurd pointlessness that makes it so addictive. If death were not ever present many would not be drawn to it. Death, in a paradoxical way, validates the life-affirming nature of the game played. It becomes, in the end, a lifestyle rather than a sport; a game of risk in which what you stand to lose far outweighs whatever you could possibly win. After many years I finally understood what Toni Kurz thought was worth dying for, and yet I could never describe it properly to others. That in itself was reason enough to do it.
The White Spider is at once the most exciting and compulsively gripping of books and at the same time repellent and disturbing. Heroic in scale, legendary in the stories of long-lost lives that it recounts, it allows readers to experience vicariously the terror and the exultation of mountaineering from the warm comfort of their armchairs. It leaves you with a haunted sense of wonder. As you close the book you are confused by the life-enhancing delight of climbing that shines through stories of the most appalling human experiences. It leaves you filled with apprehension and wondering what it would be like to be up there on the forbidding fastness of that storm-lashed face.
Harrer writes about the aura of fatality of the Eiger’s North Face and of the ‘hunted’ feeling that climbers experience on the climb. The grim history lies scattered all around. Broken pitons, the shattered rocks strewn with the debris of past ascents, torn rucksacks, tattered ropes drifting in the wind, indistinguishable scraps of colour-drained clothing, the unshakable sense of other people’s tragedies found in lonely spots all over the face. I had always been haunted by the North Face of the Eiger.
In September 2000, when Ray Delaney and I made our first attempt on the 1938 route, it was less a climb and more a pilgrimage in the footsteps of our heroes. It was exciting and frightening and loaded with the psychological baggage of all that we knew about it. We too felt that hunted sensation as we mutely witnessed the deaths of two young men, then crept, cowed and haunted, back to the safety of the valley. We tried again during the following two summers, beaten back each time by foul weather and cold, uncomfortable bivouacs. Today we still think about returning to this seminal mountain to complete our farewell ascent to a lifetime of mountaineering that was inspired, for me at least, almost entirely by reading The White Spider.
One successful ascensionist described his time on the face: ‘I seemed to have been in a dreamland; not a dreamland of rich enjoyment, but a much more beautiful land where burning desires were translated into deeds.’ That to me was inspirational. The words of an intelligent, sensitive man who had ‘in complete harmony … a perfectly fashioned body, a bright, courageous mind and a receptive spirit’. A man who thought that sometimes in life it was worth gambling far more than you could ever possibly win.
Joe Simpson
Sheffield
September 2004
Joe Simpson is the author of Touching the Void and The Beckoning Silence.
Map (#ulink_ca29164b-6481-56a9-8192-6b62eb16b1b0)
“Come back safe, my friends” (#ulink_81d6079b-bac1-58f8-beb1-3dab7dfa7a6e)
“WRITING a book about the North Face of the Eiger? Whatever for?” The question was put to me by a man of some standing in Alpine circles. I was taken aback and slightly cross, so I gave him a somewhat off-hand answer: “For people to read, of course.”
That started him off on a passionate tirade.
“Who’s likely to read it? Don’t you think the handful of climbers who are really interested in that crazy venture have had quite enough literature on the subject already? Or do you just want to join the sensation-mongers, from whose ranks a serious climber like yourself should keep as remote as possible?”
I answered him: “If all climbers shared your point of view, it wouldn’t be surprising to find the newspaper reports overflowing with misstatements and exaggerations. I believe the public has a right to authoritative information, especially when mountaineering problems become human ones. And I think it is a climber’s duty to contribute to the formation of public opinion in such matters.”
And with that I dropped the unpleasant argument.
However, he had failed to shake my purpose to write a book about the Eiger. I had already been engaged on the preliminary work for months, indeed for years. My home was piled high with books, periodicals, newspaper-cuttings—about two thousand of them in various languages—on the subject of the Eiger’s North Face. I had written, and received replies to, innumerable letters. Every letter from a climber who had actually done the North Face was a personal document and, more than that, the documentation of a personality. I had no intention of allowing the History of the Eiger’s North Face to become a mere calendar of climbs, its foreground theme was to be the men who had done those climbs.
