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Gluten Exposed: The Science Behind the Hype and How to Navigate to a Healthy, Symptom-free Life
Dr. Peter Green
Rory Jones
From the internationally renowned expert on celiac disease and director of the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, here is the definitive book on gluten, uncovering the truth and explaining the science behind the current gluten-free craze.Thousands of people have adopted a gluten-free lifestyle, believing it’s healthier, that it will help them lose weight or increase their energy.The diet, a regimen once followed only by those diagnosed with coeliac disease (a serious autoimmune disorder), has become a cure-all, ‘prescribed’ not only by gastroenterologists, but also by nutritionists, trainers, psychiatrists, as well as celebrities.Gluten Exposed reveals:• How little scientific evidence there is to justify this trend. The latest medical findings have shown that the majority of the information available about the effect of gluten on the body is only partly correct, or almost wholly untrue.• How the gluten-free diet is a lifesaver for those with coeliac disease, but for others it may injure their health, rob them of essential nutrients, and mask their real problems.• A practical, clear roadmap that can help anyone achieve a healthier, symptom-free life.Gluten Exposed provides an in-depth examination of every symptom and condition associated with gluten, how gluten works in the body, what the gluten-free diet cures—and what it doesn’t.
Copyright (#ulink_3b487bb7-d7fa-56c5-93d4-e1b4568edd88)
4th Estate
An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers
1 London Bridge Street
London SE1 9GF
www.4thEstate.co.uk (http://www.4thEstate.co.uk)
This 4th Estate paperback edition published in 2016
First published in the US by William Morrow,
An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers in 2016
First published in Great Britain by 4th Estate in 2016
Copyright © Peter H. R. Green, M.D., and Rory Jones, M.S. 2016
The right of Peter H. R. Green, M.D., and Rory Jones, M.S. to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Chapter 7 (#u708ad097-8380-5776-aa32-e8f4fe2f3907) appeared in a different form in Celiac Disease: A Hidden Epidemic (first ed.) by Peter H. R. Green, M.D., and Rory Jones, M.S. published by William Morrow, 2006.
Designed by Lucy Albanese
Illustrations by Thom Graves
Cover image © Shutterstock
This book contains advice and information relating to health care. It should be used to supplement rather than replace the advice of your doctor or another trained health professional. If you know or suspect you have a health problem, it is recommended that you seek your GP’s advice before embarking on any medical programme or treatment. This publisher and the author accept no liability for any medical outcomes that may occur as a result of applying the methods suggested in this book.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins.
Source ISBN: 9780008144067
Ebook Edition © June 2016 ISBN: 9780008144050
Version: 2016-10-20
Contents
Cover (#ubefe77a7-c052-5fd0-a359-cd72e34a4a06)
Title Page (#ua3e0f3f5-2cd8-54a5-9c23-18df16bb0485)
Copyright (#u3e2ebb57-c0ee-5b2d-be3d-1850b4ad26a7)
A Note from the Authors (#ub6f2ac4f-1a35-5a34-99a4-3fa78c698a80)
Introduction (#u47f5e93a-cd77-542f-a1c1-338e11c6c5ed)
PART I: DEFINING THE PROBLEM (#uf89003be-7844-5b4b-abbd-07f47135903b)
Chapter 1: What Is Your Source of Medical Information? (#ufdc438c2-3fef-5032-98b1-e83db5620cb4)
Chapter 2: Does a Gluten-Free Diet Work for You? (#u507c79fd-911a-5395-87ac-59090fdd3913)
Chapter 3: Picky Eaters—Orthorexia and the Hygiene Hypothesis (#u50979bda-c459-5139-92e7-e49f80cf20e2)
Chapter 4: Pitfalls and Perils of a Gluten-Free Diet (#ufbb9cd2e-7689-5f64-b71c-55723d361521)
Chapter 5: Supplements and Probiotics (#u92ab60e2-470e-51c4-b2d1-63cf431f9389)
Chapter 6: A Word on Testing—What Do Antibodies Tell Us? (#u93a71ced-748c-52e8-a303-1b1309837303)
PART II: WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE GUT (#u3fbfaa49-cea0-533e-8414-5ff67eff5a30)
Chapter 7: The Normal Gut and Digestion (#u708ad097-8380-5776-aa32-e8f4fe2f3907)
Chapter 8: The Gut in Disease (#u43bc5307-2a56-52a2-98cb-0607e11335aa)
Chapter 9: The Microbiome (#uada19a92-979d-53bb-abaa-9b6112cad3c6)
Chapter 10: The “Second Brain” in the Gut (#ue63c697e-9e14-5a0e-8748-13e409d0b21a)
PART III: THE FINGERS ON THE TRIGGER (#u4b6e96ce-316f-5e3a-8a3c-dd0c901373e8)
Chapter 11: Gluten and Nongluten Grains (#u65d45adf-1a4c-5d09-a0f6-f794bbfe7288)
Chapter 12: Carbohydrates and FODMAPs (#u24c2036b-6f5c-5feb-b338-80112af267a8)
Chapter 13: Drugs (#u358d9b51-19f9-5ac7-b644-21d302653d1e)
Chapter 14: The Double Hit Theory (#ue04b8b4a-2154-5a1d-823c-35c0be76d4af)
Chapter 15: Inflammation (#u0d1e7bff-99b6-59fc-815c-93b510de3fe1)
Chapter 16: Intestinal Permeability—“Leaky Gut” (#u3fa07926-b275-55d1-90a5-d8f7bcb2ed6c)
PART IV: PUTTING ORDER IN THE DISORDERS (#ubcb5918c-171b-5f4c-a7e1-d3ac0eda8f83)
Chapter 17: Celiac Disease (#u447e315a-7f60-59e4-a27b-078768998d26)
Chapter 18: Gluten Sensitivity—the New Kid on the Block (#u5ed481d4-4820-560c-9fb1-35266fbb5144)
Chapter 19: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (#u19f6a068-3dba-5015-a847-980cefe74300)
Chapter 20: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (#u460faaad-52cd-5414-8ff0-e54c93f1dd46)
Chapter 21: Eosinophilic Esophagitis (#u5c118332-1e16-5603-a4bc-6495181df7c7)
Chapter 22: Neuropathy (#u8111f8be-dbb6-5af5-bb80-2d640ad559ad)
Chapter 23: Diabetes (#u06cacf52-bfee-5803-bbdb-80ea6e1c7820)
Chapter 24: Wheat and Other Food Allergies (#u1a409c04-8f3d-5ddf-950e-71ac026b2cf7)
Chapter 25: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (#u37887d63-0a1e-5b18-af96-ca2e2d0a4f3f)
PART V: THE BRAIN-GUT-GLUTEN CONNECTION (#uc00fc3c1-dae2-5a5f-8080-a88c3b7233ae)
Chapter 26: Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD (#u44ff29e3-a9bd-5b84-a5f6-8ff2dcdbaa87)
Chapter 27: Schizophrenia—Revisiting “Bread Madness” (#u28164f47-3464-5066-af06-45bba6eb7e3a)
Chapter 28: Brain Fog—Neurology or Meteorology? (#ub062e6cc-4d5b-50f5-8cff-86ede362cfa1)
Chapter 29: The Stress of Holding Back (#u76b7ce46-2c10-54be-9475-480980a4badb)
PART VI: NAVIGATING A GLUTEN-FREE LIFE (#ub9bdcc24-8332-55f0-9090-2e0154397af3)
Chapter 30: Nondietary Therapies—the Drug Pipeline (#u7da7261b-a998-5333-982e-c6ba3ad84ce5)
Chapter 31: Eating Healthy (#u9966c4cf-74f6-5afe-a8af-57d496c313be)
Chapter 32: Myths and Misconceptions (#ua34c7168-c909-59d5-a507-a7ae28b9e106)
Chapter 33: Food for Thought (#u6bc17bfc-81c1-56a7-932e-c2ebbce0a288)
APPENDIX A: Diets Through the Ages (#u38ca89cb-57e2-5013-b66f-99de071e46b6)
APPENDIX B: Resources (#u88c108e8-a2be-5236-8690-2338a668b39e)
APPENDIX C: Arsenic and Mercury Guidelines (#u43e4a6c0-4e92-53b4-a371-c8a768f85167)
APPENDIX D: Guidelines for Eating Gluten-Free (#u4e4c0f6d-8b5c-51f0-a679-a017c7effa19)
APPENDIX E: Scientific Articles and Studies (#u75297d7b-5474-5659-b535-6d1d7911fd54)
Footnotes (#u37cd571a-caa0-59a5-a893-8aa499457f8c)
Glossary (#ua4d29900-eba2-5516-a163-51305afaf9fe)
Index (#u78b02e09-1293-5680-bfde-b0ef88945aa0)
Acknowledgments (#u08ea112d-f244-5c48-a58d-780e047aba0f)
About the Authors (#u4b1ea4dc-26ec-5355-8ba5-abc01034be27)
Also by Dr. Peter H. R. Green and Rory Jones (#ud4f96e34-ecd3-55be-adf4-7aefb378cac1)
About the Publisher (#u5e5b9895-0786-5b9f-8732-da40d6932ba9)
A Note from the Authors (#ulink_eca9a6a1-0625-5f1e-a0ec-feb2c8b7532b)
All the information in this book is based on current scientific knowledge about the effect on the body of gluten and the many foods, drugs, and supplements that we ingest. It is derived from an in-depth analysis of current medical literature, extensive clinical experience, patient and professional interviews, as well as ongoing research into the various manifestations and conditions ascribed to gluten-related disorders.
Other medical experts may have differing opinions and interpretations of the medical literature. Wherever pertinent, the authors have attempted to note conflicting points of view on key issues as well as topics that have not as yet been scientifically resolved.
Many of the peer-reviewed articles we have consulted may not be readily accessible to all readers. For this reason, we have not included footnotes for all medical facts and figures. Instead, we have listed good basic review articles and books for different subjects in the appendices.
All references to the “Center” refer to the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University.
NOTE: This book is not a self-diagnosis manual. It is intended to generate informed patients who know what questions to ask of their physicians and how to understand the answers.
Introduction (#ulink_a734d2e8-ba07-5d4b-99e9-abd84e366fd5)
The fewer the facts, the stronger the opinion.
—ARNOLD H. GLASOW
Simple solutions are always appealing. In the last few years, gluten has become the ultimate villain—the Wicked Witch, Darth Vader, the Joker, and Hannibal Lecter rolled into one devouring multisystem ravager. It is blamed for draining our brain, blowing up our bellies, invading our nervous system, and setting fire to our guts. A recent bestselling book claimed that: “Brain disease can be largely prevented by the choices you make in life …” If only it were that simple.
Almost a third of all American and UK consumers are trying to avoid gluten. By any reckoning, a significant portion of the buying public is focused on the gluten in our food supply and on their plates.
Gluten is implicated in everything from heart disease, neuralgia, sore muscles, exhaustion, “brain fog,” headaches, autism, diabetes, arthritis, curious rashes, schizophrenia, dementia, weight loss, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome to plain “it makes me feel sick-”itis. Yet most of these claims do not hold up.
In fact, it has become increasingly hard to swallow the story line written by the media as well as friends, family members, and various alternative health care professionals. The menu at this feast of confusion includes wheat and the different proteins within it, genes, germs, fungi, antibiotics, herbicides, enzymes, supplements, and anything else that travels through the intestinal tract. It is a multicourse, multisystem, increasingly nonscientific boiling pot.
Unfortunately, the food industry and general population got onto a gluten-free diet ahead of the medical community, which is now playing scientific catch-up. With the advent of the Internet, everyone has become a medical researcher. This has left room for the public to run away with ideas and point fingers at gluten as the cause for anything and everything.
Gluten has become a media-borne epidemic. But beware: pseudoscience can be hazardous to your health.
The Promise of Miracles
He took a grain of truth and made a loaf of baloney.
—ANONYMOUS
