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Chapter 2: Danger! 16 (#litres_trial_promo)
Chapter 3: Volcano Detectives 30 (#litres_trial_promo)
25 More Hot Facts About Volcanoes 44 (#litres_trial_promo)
Volcano Facts Roundup 46 (#litres_trial_promo)
Index 48 (#litres_trial_promo)
Heavy ashfall can
make it impossible
to breathe.
The powdery ash that
volcanoes eject can float
around the world.
Mount St. Helens, in Washington State,
U.S.A., caused the largest landslide
known on Earth when it erupted.
Magma flows to Earth’s
surface because it is lighter
than the solid rock around it.
Lava can reach 2,000 degrees
Fahrenheit—four times hotter
than your kitchen oven!
An umbrella won’t help! Lava blown
from a volcano hardens into solid rock
in the air, and the pieces fall like rain.
In the United States alone, 80 volcanoes have
erupted once or more in the past 500 years.
The heat from lava causes the
plants it buries to release
gases and explode.
Volcanoes can change the weather.
Mount St. Helens
destroyed eight bridges
when it erupted.
When lava reaches the
ocean, it cools rapidly.
It breaks down to form
black sand beaches.
A volcanic eruption can
blow apart a mountain.
Lava that cools into rough
pieces is called aa (AH-ah).
Ash in the sky can make day
as dark as night.
Most lava moves slow enough
for people to escape it.
When it explodes from a volcano, runny lava
may form cow-pie “bombs” that splat
into rough pancake shapes.
When the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted
in 2010, ash forced airports as far away as mainland
Europe to shut down for almost a week.
Water warmed by
volcanoes is used to
heat homes in Iceland.
Rich volcanic soil
is excellent for
growing crops.
Volcanoes eject bombs—
semi-molten pieces of lava—
and solid lava chunks called blocks.
A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving mix of hot gas, ash, and rock that can destroy everything in its path.
A volcano
can flatten
a forest.
Lava that hardens into a smooth,
ropy surface is called pahoehoe
(paw-HOE-EE-hoe-ee).
Volcanic bombs and blocks can be as
small as your fist or as big as a house.
Earth’s largest land volcano, Mauna Loa
in Hawaii, U.S.A., is more than 10 miles high
from its base on the seafloor to its top.
CHAPTER 1
Besides Stromboli,
a volcano erupts
somewhere on Earth
EVERY WEEK.
Stromboli has been spewing
gas and spitting molten rock
for more than 2,000 years! It is one of
Earth’s most active volcanoes. Full
eruptions can occur from only minutes
to hours apart.
Volcanoes begin deep
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