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NOUN a butterfly or moth when it is developing from being a caterpillar to being a fully grown adult
chrysanthemum chrysanthemums
NOUN a plant with large, brightly-coloured flowers
chuckle chuckles, chuckling, chuckled
VERB When you chuckle, you laugh quietly.
chunk chunks
NOUN a thick piece of something
SYNONYMS: hunk, lump, piece
church churches
NOUN a building where Christians go for religious services and worship
churchyard churchyards
NOUN an area of land around a church, often used as a graveyard
churn churns, churning, churned
NOUN 1 a container used for making milk or cream into butter
VERB 2 When you churn something, you stir it vigorously, for example when making milk into butter.
churn out
VERB If you churn out something, you produce it quickly in large numbers. • They churned out hundreds of leaflets advertising the dance.
chutney
NOUN a strong-tasting, thick sauce made from fruit, vinegar and spices
cider
NOUN an alcoholic drink made from apples
cigar cigars
NOUN a roll of dried tobacco leaves, which people smoke
cigarette cigarettes
NOUN a thin tube of paper containing tobacco, which people smoke
cinder cinders
NOUN Cinders are small pieces of burnt material left after something such as wood or coal has burned.
cinema cinemas
NOUN a place where people go to watch films
circle circles, circling, circled
NOUN 1 a regular, two-dimensional round shape. Every point on the edge is the same distance from the centre.
VERB 2 to move around in a circle • Seagulls circled overhead.
circular ADJECTIVE
circuit circuits
NOUN 1 the path of an electric current
2 a racecourse
3 A training circuit is a course of physical activities.
circulation circulations
NOUN 1 the movement of blood around a body
2 the number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold each time it is issued
circumference circumferences
NOUN 1 the outer line or edge of a circle
2 The length of this line is also called the circumference.
circumstance circumstances
NOUN The circumstances of a situation or event are the conditions that affect what happens. • He did well under difficult circumstances.
circus circuses
NOUN a travelling show performed in a large tent, with performers such as clowns and acrobats
cistern cisterns
NOUN a tank in which water is stored, such as in the roof of a house, or above a toilet
citizen citizens
NOUN The citizens of a country or city are the people who live in it or belong to it.
citrus fruit citrus fruits
NOUN Citrus fruits are juicy, sharp-tasting fruits such as oranges, lemons and grapefruit.
city cities
NOUN a large town where many people live and work
civil
ADJECTIVE 1 relating to the citizens of a place
2 Someone who is civil is polite.
civilian civilians
NOUN a person who is not in the armed forces
civilization civilizations; also spelt civilisation
NOUN 1 a large group of people with a high level of organization and culture • We’re learning about the ancient civilizations of Greece, Rome and Egypt.
2 a highly developed and organized way of life
civilized; also spelt civilised
ADJECTIVE 1 A civilized society is one with a highly developed social organization and a comfortable way of life.
2 A civilized person is polite and reasonable.
civil war civil wars
NOUN a war between groups of people who live in the same country
claim claims, claiming, claimed
VERB 1 If you claim that something is the case, you say that it is so.
2 If you claim something, you ask for it because you believe you have a right to it.
clamber clambers, clambering, clambered
VERB If you clamber somewhere, you climb there with difficulty. • We clambered over the rocks to get to the beach.
clammy clammier, clammiest
ADJECTIVE unpleasantly damp and sticky • The weather was very clammy.
clamp clamps, clamping, clamped
NOUN 1 a device that holds something firmly in place
VERB 2 When you clamp one thing to another, you fasten them together with a clamp.
clan clans
NOUN a group of families related to each other by being descended from the same ancestor
clang clangs, clanging, clanged
VERB When something made of metal clangs, or when you clang it, it makes a loud, ringing sound.
clank clanks, clanking, clanked
VERB When something clanks, it makes a loud, metallic sound.
clap claps, clapping, clapped
VERB 1 When you clap, you hit your hands together loudly to show that you have enjoyed something or that you approve of something.
NOUN 2 a sudden loud noise of thunder
clarify clarifies, clarifying, clarified
VERB If you clarify something, you make it clear and easier to understand.
clarification NOUN
clarinet clarinets
NOUN a woodwind instrument with a straight tube and a single reed in its mouthpiece
clarity
NOUN The clarity of something is its clearness. • The clarity of the water made me think it was very clean.
clash clashes, clashing, clashed
VERB 1 Colours or ideas that clash are so different that they do not go together. • Debbie’s red shirt clashed with her green shorts.
2 If one event clashes with another, they happen at the same time, so you cannot go to both.
3 If people clash with each other, they fight or argue.
clasp clasps, clasping, clasped
VERB 1 If you clasp something, you hold it tightly.
