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Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain
Richard Davenport-Hines
What pushed Blunt, Burgess, Cairncross, Maclean and Philby into Soviet hands?With access to recently released papers and other neglected documents, this sharp analysis of the intelligence world examines how and why these men and others betrayed their country and what this cost Britain and its allies.Enemies Within is a new history of the influence of Moscow on Britain told through the stories of those who chose to spy for the Soviet Union. It also challenges entrenched assumptions about abused trust, corruption and Establishment cover-ups that began with the Cambridge Five and the disappearance of Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean on the night boat to Saint-Malo in 1951.In a book that is as intellectually thrilling as it is entertaining and illuminating, Richard Davenport-Hines traces the bonds between individuals, networks and organisations over generations to offer a study of character, both individual and institutional. At its core lie the operative traits of boarding schools, the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the Intelligence Division, Foreign Office, MI5, MI6 and Moscow Centre.Davenport-Hines tells many stories of espionage, counter-espionage and treachery. With its vast scope, ambition and scholarship, Enemies Within charts how the undermining of authority, the rejection of expertise and the suspicion of educational advantages began, and how these have transformed the social and political temper of modern Britain.
Copyright (#ulink_024f5694-4e0a-559a-a0c3-fa88e1d0cec1)
William Collins
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This eBook first published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2018
Copyright © 2018 Richard Davenport-Hines
Cover design by Kate Gaughran
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Richard Davenport-Hines asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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Source ISBN: 9780007516674
Ebook Edition © January 2018 ISBN: 9780007516681
Version: 2017-12-11
Dedication (#ulink_78be1ea5-7379-570e-a621-e81d9ceafbe2)
With love for † Rory Benet Allan
With gratitude to the Warden and Fellows of All Souls
Epigraph (#ulink_7e446c7f-b4b5-5bf1-8440-3e19cdc025ec)
The lie is a European power.
FERDINAND LASSALLE
Great is the power of steady misrepresentation.
CHARLES DARWIN
No great spy has been a short-term man.
SIR JOHN MASTERMAN
Men are classed less by achievement than by failure to achieve the impossible.
SIR ROBERT VANSITTART
Men go in herds: but every woman counts.
BLANCHE WARRE-CORNISH
Contents
Cover (#udd42a4c1-076e-58fa-9462-51c52e24145f)
Title Page (#u5a3ab93a-0196-5b59-a99f-543bf403b7e8)
Copyright (#u0f037dd7-03b7-54bf-b653-07d67789f3de)
Dedication (#uf2b81204-c569-5d69-98b1-ab91c29293af)
Epigraph (#ue1ae6320-6dc1-5439-83d8-e3082d763d7d)
Author’s Note
Glossary
Illustration Credits
Aims (#uc30b94d2-42d7-5f3e-bf69-44e9a4993ff1)
PART ONE: Rules of the Game
Chapter 1: The Moscow Apparatus
Tsarist Russia (#ulink_0f997e26-8b05-5653-8bf7-20ff19fe39bf)
Leninist Russia (#ulink_72c1c4f2-96c2-5519-a34b-6feb95df3dd9)
Stalinist Russia (#ulink_3d5f8e38-821d-564e-bbba-7f03df1390f4)
The Great Illegals (#ulink_1eb4f45d-62c0-5ff2-ba40-cfb9835341e4)
Soviet espionage in foreign missions (#ulink_69da0c4c-b3e0-5478-bd64-1c0865f08827)
The political culture of everlasting distrust (#ulink_e82792d6-1279-5b9d-8b68-b9be3e5916cf)
Chapter 2: The Intelligence Division
Pre-Victorian espionage (#ulink_0a0c6f76-a32a-5407-a41a-6487b4156a04)
Victorian espionage (#ulink_3090ae5c-2472-533f-940d-1a037f6e8ff2)
Edwardian espionage (#ulink_51554765-e2b4-564d-9bac-1ae5acaf0a59)
Chapter 3: The Whitehall Frame of Mind
The age of intelligence (#ulink_82f4d4db-4b9b-58ca-ad97-fe2e4b004472)
The Flapper Vote (#ulink_1a9ce230-5595-54cb-9b90-604fccd6f153)
Security Service staffing (#ulink_879b3083-1f55-5025-8283-5471252abec0)
Office cultures and manly trust (#ulink_3b631810-500e-5146-abba-fa7a4d8ebf66)
Chapter 4: The Vigilance Detectives
The uprising of the Metropolitan Police (#ulink_da795c49-3583-53d4-9253-06f394f46e11)
Norman Ewer of the Daily Herald (#ulink_a222abfc-298c-5f9d-951d-2c984be68ff6)
George Slocombe in Paris (#ulink_d3704dc1-0678-5345-8cc2-ed10fd5cebce)
The Zinoviev letter and the ARCOS raid (#ulink_8364540d-5de5-57e6-b6a0-8613cf3d1859)
MI5 investigates the Ewer–Hayes network (#ulink_cf40ebe7-8601-551a-8e77-a73876fb379e)
Chapter 5: The Cipher Spies
The Communications Department (#ulink_56b9c0ad-9b5c-5be5-9c3b-1270de85f229)
Ernest Oldham (#ulink_a1e2d601-8e37-537c-b0f4-0a48a44a08b4)
Hans Pieck and John King (#ulink_90128ea6-ed5c-561b-bf89-905553c6dccd)
Walter Krivitsky (#ulink_4f2b4f34-f73b-51e9-adff-d5378e5345ee)
Chapter 6: The Blueprint Spies
Industrial mobilization and espionage (#ulink_bd26824e-2df8-5b65-9823-20a00d8e52a7)
Propaganda against armaments manufacturers (#ulink_20596711-64c6-5e02-963d-83725cfe5279)
MI5 watch Wilfrid Vernon (#ulink_72e40dc3-1faf-54cf-adcc-0d60968d7920)
MI5 watch Percy Glading (#ulink_3fbba921-8a68-5fd4-8144-92c7cb7078ac)
The trial of Glading (#ulink_9eb10322-2767-55a8-99f4-5457ce6f6c5e)
PART TWO: Asking for Trouble
Chapter 7: The Little Clans
School influences stronger than parental examples (#ulink_1af3e02f-e350-5eaa-9c08-28ee09b0ae17)
Kim Philby at Westminster (#ulink_6d171bde-578a-552b-b1c6-f5ac2b9afaa7)
Donald Maclean at Gresham’s (#ulink_cf4667e1-23ae-582a-9dfa-b36228485d5a)
Guy Burgess at Eton and Dartmouth (#ulink_63e11b37-14bb-51d1-96de-490f0ea4e3ed)
Anthony Blunt at Marlborough (#ulink_aa3d9cfd-0c97-547b-b938-224f2c2ced2b)
Chapter 8: The Cambridge Cell
Undergraduates in the 1920s (#ulink_1f003583-1c23-5fb4-a9a8-546658aa5631)
Marxist converts after the 1931 crisis (#ulink_d3cdc3ed-7883-504b-9d6a-186a375655b5)
Oxford compared to Cambridge (#ulink_23155893-19f0-5ec1-8be6-796e2012b19f)
Stamping out the bourgeoisie (#ulink_6eccf297-b770-5722-b0c5-77571269972b)
Chapter 9: The Vienna Comrades
Red Vienna (#ulink_d492ea3e-e8ce-572f-b25b-b9fce311118f)
Anti-fascist activism (#ulink_99cd947e-4ab5-547c-8338-b2ba2059a6c1)
Philby’s recruitment as an agent (#ulink_0aa2fad2-4997-5150-b05e-bb1a496bebd0)
Chapter 10: The Ring of Five
The induction of Philby, Maclean and Burgess (#ulink_7609a094-85cc-5305-9c50-118389c08e5c)
David Footman and Dick White (#ulink_f9192b55-82d3-560e-89f3-ee7b78967ab1)
The recruitment of Blunt and Cairncross (#ulink_054d1e06-dd72-56ea-a2fc-80ac9a164af8)
Maclean in Paris (#ulink_f2996e8c-4292-5bcb-b66c-5683aa965acc)
Philby in Spain: Burgess in Section D (#ulink_0d3c0967-354b-5cb6-a691-5b599e605907)
Goronwy Rees at All Souls (#ulink_b2de19cc-242e-5e96-8f4b-bc0f9ba9e85b)
Chapter 11: The People’s War
