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The Black Door: Spies, Secret Intelligence and British Prime Ministers
Richard Aldrich
Rory Cormac
The Black Door explores the evolving relationship between successive British prime ministers and the intelligence agencies, from Asquith’s Secret Service Bureau to Cameron’s National Security Council.Intelligence can do a prime minister’s dirty work. For more than a century, secret wars have been waged directly from Number 10. They have staved off conflict, defeats and British decline through fancy footwork, often deceiving friend and foe alike. Yet as the birth of the modern British secret service in 1909, prime ministers were strangers to the secret world – sometimes with disastrous consequences. During the Second World War, Winston Churchill oversaw a remarkable revolution in the exploitation of intelligence, bringing it into the centre of government. Chruchill’s wartime regime also formed a school of intelligence for future prime ministers, and its secret legacy has endured. Margaret Thatcher, Tony Blair and David Cameron all became great enthusiasts for spies and special forces. Although Britain’s political leaders have often feigned ignorance about what one prime minister called this ‘strange underworld’, some of the most daring and controversial intelligence operations can be traced straight back to Number 10.
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Copyright (#u2edb29e4-9f5d-578c-8bf9-8979eb3f3d09)
William Collins
An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers
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First published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2016
Copyright © Richard J. Aldrich and Rory Cormac 2016, 2017
Richard J. Aldrich and Rory Cormac assert the moral right to be identified as the authors of this work
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Cover photograph © Dan Kitwood/Getty Images (door)
Cover design by Kate Gaughran
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Source ISBN: 9780007555475
Ebook Edition © April 2016 ISBN: 9780007555451
Version: 2017-03-29
Dedication (#u2edb29e4-9f5d-578c-8bf9-8979eb3f3d09)
To Joanne and Libby
(two espionage experts)
Contents
Cover (#u41d65073-ac65-5969-87dd-5b775cd58dd6)
Title Page (#ulink_57e5ffb3-7558-522e-942b-f6e4c5c72cf2)
Copyright (#ulink_e2ef62a8-f381-59b6-8705-b3b9ff32e907)
Dedication (#ulink_8a461bfc-e6fa-55ae-b6e0-c7e7c3a71b15)
Abbreviations and Acronyms (#ulink_e1a35f5e-73b2-503c-abd1-ba6ca786d312)
Introduction (#ulink_365230dd-19fe-5f90-b096-4f02fa9a771e)
PART ONE: CREATING SECRET SERVICE (#ulink_6caa841f-432f-5a6a-af55-803bc35de2b0)
1 Herbert Asquith, David Lloyd George and Andrew Bonar Law (1908–1923) (#ulink_a3f387f8-e17b-51df-ba42-577438b560b8)
2 Stanley Baldwin and Ramsay MacDonald (1923–1937) (#ulink_ccf508f2-e17a-5a81-8823-245408fccf46)
PART TWO: THE WINDS OF WAR
3 Neville Chamberlain (1937–1940)
4 Winston Churchill (1940–1941)
5 Winston Churchill (1942–1945)
PART THREE: THE HOT COLD WAR
6 Clement Attlee (1945–1951)
7 Winston Churchill (1951–1955)
8 Anthony Eden (1955–1957)
9 Harold Macmillan (1957–1963)
10 Alec Douglas-Home (1963–1964)
PART FOUR: DÉTENTE AND DISSENT
11 Harold Wilson (1964–1970)
12 Edward Heath (1970–1974)
13 Harold Wilson (1974–1976)
14 James Callaghan (1976–1979)
15 Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990)
PART FIVE: TURBULENT TIMES
16 John Major (1990–1997)
17 Tony Blair (1997–2007)
18 Gordon Brown (2007–2010)
19 David Cameron (2010–2016)
Conclusion: Prime Ministers and the Future of Intelligence (#ulink_01c6502c-724f-563b-b7ce-2ae53fe37f59)
Appendix I: Key Officials Since 1909 (#ulink_0e75a30f-b92e-5fce-b268-40d27d8b3572)
Appendix II: Key Intelligence and Security Machinery (#ulink_18273679-fa10-5762-81c5-1cf4de220997)
‘Eat Before Reading’: A Short Essay on Methodology (#ulink_677b1e6e-44ce-581f-8fcb-eb287c5355cf)
Picture Section (#u7f445e99-8abc-5687-8de4-be5069a28957)
Acknowledgements (#ulink_8c9c8e60-9693-5938-80e1-0cb231f661b0)
Notes (#ulink_ef72313a-0a1a-523a-b196-d07a10f1c827)
Bibliography (#ulink_52abfe7a-d8df-584e-9819-735156feadc6)
Index (#ulink_1f54c162-be88-5388-9fda-df3fd626554b)
About the Authors (#u7d7a98a1-22d6-54c1-a5dd-dd7ff8fc81f3)
About the Publisher (#ud6f63ce7-e32f-53ff-9021-0af6fd4550db)
Abbreviations and Acronyms (#u2edb29e4-9f5d-578c-8bf9-8979eb3f3d09)
‘C’ – Chief of the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS)
CCC – Churchill College Cambridge
CIA – Central Intelligence Agency [American]
CIGS – Chief of the Imperial General Staff
CND – Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
Comint – Communications intelligence
Comsec – Communications security
COS – Chiefs of Staff
CPGB – Communist Party of Great Britain
CSC – Counter Subversion Committee
CX – Prefix for a report originating with SIS
DCI – Director of Central Intelligence, the head of the CIA
DIS – Defence Intelligence Staff
DMI – Director of Military Intelligence
DNI – Director of Naval Intelligence
D-Notice – Defence Notice to the media covering security issues
DOPC – Defence and Overseas Policy Committee
Elint – Electronic intelligence
FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation [American]
FCO – Foreign and Commonwealth Office
GC&CS – Government Code and Cypher School
GCHQ – Government Communications Headquarters
GOC – General Officer Commanding
GRU – Soviet Military Intelligence
IRD – Information Research Department of the Foreign Office
ISC – Intelligence and Security Committee
ISI – Inter-Services Intelligence [Pakistan]
ISP – Internet Service Provider
JAC – Joint Action Committee
JIC – Joint Intelligence Committee
JTAC – Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre
LHCMA – Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
MI5 – Security service
